旅游营销中的品牌策略和CI战略

发展第三产业 ,提升现代服务业在传统服务业中的地位和比重 ,已经成为我国产业结构调整的重要方面。通过在旅游营销中实施品牌策略和CI战略来树立企业品牌形象和产品品牌形象 ,对旅游业的发展具有积极意义     

Technical Uncertainty in Quantitative Policy Analysis — A Sulfur Air Pollution Example

Expert judgments expressed as subjective probability distributions provide an appropriate means of incorporating technical uncertainty in some quantitative policy studies. Judgments and distributions obtained from several experts allow one to explore the extent to which the conclusions reached in such a study depend on which expert one talks to. For the case of sulfur air pollution from coal-fired power plants, estimates of sulfur mass balance as a function of plume flight time are shown to vary little across the range of opinions of leading atmospheric scientists while estimates of possible health impacts are shown to vary widely across the range of opinions of leading scientists in air pollution health effects.     

西双版纳古代交通考略

本文根据相关文献史料,对秦汉至清代云南西双版纳地区与外地之间的交通情况进行较细致的考述,重点研究了上述地区交通线以及驿站设置的历史沿革.     

Assessing Cross-Media Impacts: A Comparative Risk Approach

The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality has developed a Cross-Media Comparative Risk Assessment model to address certain regulatory concerns. The model generates a Human and Ecological Risk Index for a facility releasing toxins into the environment. The risk indices are based on chemical fate and transport predictions, toxicity, population density, and ecological sensitive areas. The model can be used to rank facilities for inspection or as a tool to assess the progress of pollution prevention programs. Regulatory permitting departments can use the model to address the cross-media transfer of pollutants from one environmental compartment to another. The versatility of the model allows adaptation to each specific users needs.     

Non‐dominated Time‐Window Policies in City Distribution

Urban freight contributes significantly to pollution, noise disturbance, traffic congestion, and safety problems in city centers. In many cities, local governments have introduced policy measures, in particular time‐access restrictions, to alleviate these problems. However, setting time windows is very challenging due to the conflicting interests and objectives of the stakeholders involved. In this article, we examine whether it is possible to develop time‐window policies that enhance environmental sustainability and distribution efficiencies, while meeting the objectives of the municipalities. We develop a framework for balancing retailer (costs), municipality (satisfaction), and environmental (emissions) objectives, using data envelopment analysis, under different urban time‐window policies. The approach is illustrated by a case study of three Dutch retail organizations, with a large number of stores affected by such time windows. On the basis of an evaluation of 99 different time‐window policies, our results show that harmonizing time windows between neighboring cities leads to the best overall performance. The currently used time‐window policy appears to perform reasonably well, but can be improved on all dimensions . However, harmonizing time‐window policies may be difficult to realize in practice.     

从接受美学角度解读旅游翻译——以五台山菩萨顶导游词的汉英翻译为例

旅游业在全球范围的迅猛发展对世界经济文化产生了巨大的影响,搞好旅游翻译研究不仅具有文化交流意义还具有紧迫的现实意义。在与世界密切接轨的今天,旅游业是山西经济文化建设的给力杠杆,因此,提升旅游文本翻译质量势在必行。接受美学是现在最活跃的文学批评流派之一,把读者视为文学研究的对象,看重作品和读者的关系。本文拟从接受美学的角度解读旅游翻译,通过对五台山菩萨顶导游词文本的研究,剖析当前导游词文本英译中存在的问题,并提出相应的合理化建议,以期对山西经济发展起到积极推动作用。     

中国粮食流通与粮食安全：关键节点的风险识别

粮食安全不仅取决于粮食生产的量和自给率,还取决于可获性,包括“买得起”和“买得到”。当前中国粮食总量安全,但粮食生产的区域结构性矛盾突出,粮食生产日渐向优势区域集中,主销区的粮食消费日益依赖于主产区的粮食调运,粮食运达的及时性对于粮食安全愈发重要。粮食调运必然面临长距离运输问题,这其中尤以在粮食运输网络中起枢纽作用的关键节点的平稳有序运行最为关键。当前实现粮食调运的运输方式主要依靠铁路、水路以及铁水联运,但是这一运输网络存在运力不足、物流方式落后、基础设施建设不足等风险因素,与粮食运输量的增长速度以及运输的顺畅性、及时性要求不相匹配,因此亟待通过加快铁路、水路基础设施建设、推动粮食物流方式变革和健全粮食物流应急响应机制等措施,保障粮食的稳定供给和粮食安全。     

人类学仪式理论视角下文化产业“神圣游程”体验模式

文化产业是对现代性的"好恶交织"。消费者在日常生活与文化产业之间进行"逃离—回归"的往返循环,相应地产生"世俗—神圣—世俗"的转换体验。该过程可表示为文化产业的"神圣游程"体验模式,由分离、阈限、聚合三个阶段构成。该模式与旅游"神圣游程"体验模式在异质性体验和人际互动方面存在明显区别,但本质上同为"体验差异"的现代性生存哲学的体现。     

两岸航空区际法律适用制度比较论纲

航空直航是两岸经济文化交流的重要路径。两岸航空法律冲突的存在导致航空直航中当事人利益保护的不确定性。当事人在发生纠纷时无法确定准据法, 难以确定其权利义务分配的法律效力。两岸航空法律适用制度的冲突加剧了实体法冲突的消极影响。两岸航空直航运输合同法律适用制度、航空器权利法律适用制度、旅客权利能力与行为能力法律适用制度及侵权法律适用制度均存在一定程度的差异, 其准据法的连接点、法律选择方法与价值考量迥异。两岸航空私法冲突属于区际法律冲突, 与国际私法冲突存在一定差别。应当制定区际私法, 以解决两岸航空法律冲突问题。     

Confidentiality,power relations and evaluation of potential harm in the study of the personal and organizational networks of travel agents in Moscow

Network research in organizational contexts faces ethical challenges related to revealing the identity of participants, managing power relations, and managing the interests and potential harms of the different stakeholders. In this article, we review the ethical issues associated with the investigation of the personal and organizational networks of travel agents in Moscow. In our case study, we interviewed 32 tourism agents from Moscow and its region, obtaining information on 45 people with whom they have regular relation as part of their work; and relational data, with a 2-mode matrix, on 15 organizations with which the agency could be linked in the Russian-Andalusian tourism market. Our results highlight the utility of presenting the information of personal networks in an aggregate manner. It also demonstrates the value of cultural adaptation strategies and adjustment to the characteristics of the community. Moreover, the central role of power relations in organizations, within a cultural context with a greater distance to authority was also found.