Reframing Resilience: Equitable Access to Essential Services

We urgently need to put the concept of resilience into practice if we are to prepare our communities for climate change and exacerbated natural hazards. Yet, despite the extensive discussion surrounding community resilience, operationalizing the concept remains challenging. The dominant approaches for assessing resilience focus on either evaluating community characteristics or infrastructure functionality. While both remain useful, they have several limitations to their ability to provide actionable insight. More importantly, the current conceptualizations do not consider essential services or how access is impaired by hazards. We argue that people need access to services such as food, education, health care, and cultural amenities, in addition to water, power, sanitation, and communications, to get back some semblance of normal life. Providing equitable access to these types of services and quickly restoring that access following a disruption are paramount to community resilience. We propose a new conceptualization of community resilience that is based on access to essential services. This reframing of resilience facilitates a new measure of resilience that is spatially explicit and operational. Using two illustrative examples from the impacts of Hurricanes Florence and Michael, we demonstrate how decisionmakers and planners can use this framework to visualize the effect of a hazard and quantify resilience-enhancing interventions. This “equitable access to essentials” approach to community resilience integrates with spatial planning, and will enable communities not only to “bounce back” from a disruption, but to “bound forward” and improve the resilience and quality of life for all residents.     

三河古镇空间肌理与情态浅析

以历史文化名镇三河古镇为研究对象，以历史资料与现场调研为依据，从自然历史形成因素出发，对三河古镇空间肌理进行分析，探讨古镇选址与布局、街巷格局、建筑风貌以及人文情态的基本特征，并针对三河古镇当前存在的空间氛围破坏、传统意境流失等问题提出若干对策，为恢复古镇昔日活力，更好地建设和营造现代人居环境提供一定的启发与借鉴。     

Need,well‐being and outcomes: the development of policy‐thinking for children's services 1989–2004

This paper describes how government policy thinking about the well‐being of children and young people developed between the Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004. These two Acts are milestone statements about how services to children in England and Wales should be delivered. It is an account informed by the author's own experience as a government adviser on children's social care over much of this period and supporting documentation. It traces the strands of government policy thinking about how to deliver services for children from children in need to the articulation of the five Every Child Matters outcomes. It argues that attempts to achieve coordinated service planning for children and young people played a significant role in the formulation of shared objectives and the articulation of child outcomes. However, it argues that looking at real outcomes exposes how children in the UK do relatively badly compared with other rich nations. It questions whether we can realistically expect our services to deliver significantly improved outcomes given the impact of enduring inequality in our society. This paper is dedicated to the memory of David Lambert CBE, former Assistant Chief Inspector of the Social Services Inspectorate in London, who died suddenly on 7 October 2010. He lent me articles to assist me in writing this paper.     

重庆市农民工市民化的教育培训资源统筹对策

城乡统筹的实质是资源的统筹.在重庆市“千万农民变市民”的社会大试验中,教育与培训将发挥重要作用.目前,重庆市农民工的教育与培训存在较多问题,直接影响了农民工市民化的进程,根源在于资源统筹乏力.应当根据科学发展观的要求,加强重庆市农民工的教育培训资源统筹.文章对重庆市实施制度、机构、经费、师资、信息资源这“五大统筹”和统筹模式变革提出了对策建议.     

民族旅游地民居客栈经营的关键因素研究--以世界遗产地丽江古城为例

旅游体验满意是衡量旅游者忠诚与重顾的关键因素。旅游者对以世界文化遗产地丽江古城的民居客栈体验的网络评价,主要涉及了“家”、整洁、舒适、环境、房间陈设、位置等六个方面,这些都是影响民居客栈成功经营的关键因素。但是就旅游者体验来说,这些因素明显缺乏了地方文化的展现与创新。基于此,文章从酒店化与专业化、家庭化与生活化、文化化与乡野化的视域上重新设计了民居客栈经营发展的创新模式,凸显出民居客栈产品与酒店产品的差异性,创建一种独具地方特色的民居品牌,助推民居经营的永续发展。     

德国保护地体系评述与借鉴

德国保护地体系是沿袭历史逐步形成的。首先论述了德国保护地体系的法律基础,并对11类德国保护地的定义、现状和管理事权进行了解释。继而对德国保护地体系进行归纳总结:各类保护地由《联邦自然保护法》统筹、分级管理,以自然保护为核心目标;各类保护地地界交织现象广泛存在,从而实现更广泛的连接;关注文化与自然的融合,强调文化景观管理;各类保护地倾向不同功能,平衡保护与利用并合理发展可持续旅游;法治巩固本土特色的保护地。最后对我国的保护地体系进行相关思考:法定保护地须纳入国土空间规划;包容自然与文化景观的保护地可与"自然公园"相得益彰;对保护地的利用及管理需要通过统一规划实现。     

"风水"是源自关中的建筑-景观-规划哲学和美学

以"前朱雀,后玄武,左青龙,右白虎"为模式的"风水",实际表示人的住处选址,应当北边靠大山(玄武),南边临水(朱雀),东西由小山岗(青龙,白虎)围合,含有科学道理.从史料和逻辑上看,它应是古代关中周族适应黄土高原地理特点而发展出的一种建筑-景观-规划哲学和美学,包含着中国最早的地理学、景观学、气候学、生态学、建筑学、规划学、心理学等学科的萌芽."风水"模式中后来渗入了迷信成分.现在,我们要继承发扬风水模式中的科学成分,扬弃其中的迷信成分,使之实现现代转型.     

论中国当代语言规划的方法

文章提出了语言规划及中国当代语言规划的定义及类型,并在此基础上提出了中国当代语言规划的方法:地位规划的方法--行政方法,自上而下;本体规划的方法--学术方法,自下而上;传播规划的方法--多种方法,上下结合.     

从比较中看应用语言学

通过对《牛津应用语言学手册》和《应用语言学手册》的比较分析,我们对应用语言学的定义和研究领域有了一个更为深刻的认识.尽管目前仍没有一个统一的应用语言学定义,但该领域绝大多数学者都认同,应用语言学是一门解决人类在现实生活中遇到的各种语言问题的学科.     

Financial Issues Associated with Having a Child with Autism

Data from the Family Experiences with Autism Survey are used to identify factors associated with financial problems in families that have a child with autism. Likelihood of financial problems was positively associated with use of medical interventions, having unreimbursed medical or therapy expenses, and having relatively lower income. Use of speech and language therapy was negatively associated with likelihood of financial problems. Many survey respondents forfeited future financial security and even experienced bankruptcy to provide needed therapy for a child with autism. Specific ways that financial advisors can help families that have a child with autism are outlined.