政府与企业之间:试论南京时期工商同业公会的经济职能

近代的同业公会作为普设的行业组织,对于政府与企业来说都具有重要意义。在同业公会法规及相关政策中,政府赋予同业公会及行规以法律合法性,其目的不仅在于保障或规范其行业自治权,更期待公会协助经济行政。对于同业公会来说,维护同业利益是其根本出发点,而如何协调与政府的关系,创建有利于行业发展的宏观制度环境则是其中心任务。在政府经济管理及行业经济自治两个方面,同业公会都具有重要的中介作用。     

中国-东盟自由贸易区农产品贸易格局分析

考察2004～2013年间,中国－东盟农产品贸易的总量特征、市场结构及进出口集中度,并利用净出口显示性比较优势指数和贸易互补性指数测度了双边农产品贸易的竞争性和互补性。研究结果表明：（1）2004年以来中国与东盟农产品贸易额快速增长,但双边农产品贸易逆差也逐渐扩大。（2）中国在东盟的农产品出口目的地较分散而进口来源地则集中于马来西亚、印尼和泰国;中国出口的农产品多是劳动密集型产品,而进口的主要为土地密集型农产品;出口结构相对多元化。（3）中国农产品总体上不具有比较优势,而越南、泰国、印尼等国的农产品国际竞争力则较为显著。（4）中国对东盟7国的农产品进口互补性指数要略高于出口互补性指数,这也印证了东盟是中国重要的农产品进口来源地。     

出口贸易与省域TFP空间维度分析

作为衡量一国科技进步的重要指标,全要素生产率的高低决定着一国生产率水平的先进与落后。在不断深化改革开放的过程中,如何利用开放倒逼我国技术水平的提高成为一项较为紧迫的任务。为此,我们运用面板DEA-Malmquist指数法可以测算出2002—2011年我国29个省份(含自治区、直辖市)全要素生产率,并在此基础上建立空间面板数据模型(SPDM),实证分析出口贸易、基础设施等对我国省域全要素生产率及其空间溢出效应的影响。经研究发现,我国省域全要素生产率存在较为明显的空间自相关性,即出口贸易、基础设施等经济活动通过影响本省TFP,并通过空间溢出效应进一步将其作用传递和迭加到邻近省域全要素生产率上,基础设施对我国省域全要素存在较为显著的负向关系,出口依存度、出口贸易及FDI对我国省域全要素生产率具有显著的推动作用。     

广东对外贸易与经济增长关系的协整分析

利用多种计量分析工具,从总量和增长效应的角度研究了广东进出口与GDP增长间的关系。研究发现:从长期来说,进口、出口与GDP存在唯一稳定关系,出口较进口对经济增长有更大的促进作用;从短期来说,进口增长、出口增长都是GDP增长的Granger原因,出口增长同时也是进口增长的Granger原因,进口增长、出口增长都带动了经济增长,而且进口增长比出口增长与经济增长有更稳定、更紧密的联系     

基于钻石模型的重庆自贸区跨境电商创新发展的路径研究

重庆自贸区跨境电商在推进重庆建设内陆国际物流中心、内陆服务贸易中心、内陆功能性金融中心中起到了重要作用。运用波特钻石模型对重庆自贸区跨境电商进行分析，从生产要素、需求条件、相关与支持产业、竞争对手、发展机会、政府作用六个方面，构建模型分析各种影响因素，研究重庆自贸区跨境电商的现状及比较优势，提出创新发展的路径。     

Making it Work: Supporting Group Representation in a Liberal Democratic Organization

Providing oppressed social groups with rights of representation is one suggestion for counteracting bias towards privileged groups in society. In order to counteract a bias towards their white, male, heterosexual, able‐bodied membership, a number of trade unions have provided social groups with resources to self‐organize and represent their group interests to mainstream decision‐makers. However, enabling group representation at the same time as individual representation is problematic in trade unions that are organized along liberal democratic lines. This case study of UNISON shows that while the union supported the self‐organization of oppressed social groups, these groups were excluded from matters affecting pay and working conditions. The article argues that this outcome reflects the difficulty of reconciling the representation of social groups with the representation of individuals in a liberal democratic organization. The implications of this organizational framework are illustrated by contrasting the organizing strategies of two women's self‐organized groups. While one strategy (the organization of women shop stewards) fits the prevailing organizational structure, the other (the organization of all women) attempts to be different and may have more potential for counteracting the bias towards privileged groups in the future. The article argues that a radical organizational framework is required if oppressed social groups are to gain real power within trade unions.     

Trade, education, and innovation: Prospects for the U.S. economy

This paper examines international trade issues as vital indicators of the economic prospects of the United States and other developed economies. In particular, it challenges misuses of the doctrine of mutual gains from trade and instead argues that comparative advantage does not guarantee increases in benefits to both trading partners—especially when one partner seeks to distort the market mechanism in its favor. In the face of such mercantilist or protectionist practices, efforts to advance innovation, without retaining manufacturing jobs, will not ensure continued prosperity, as the number of jobs entailed in the invention process is small compared with the number of jobs associated with manufacturing an innovative product for mass consumption. These matters call for the urgent rethinking of trade policy by the United States and other developed nations, if they are to balance their imports and exports and ensure continued economic growth.     

中国加入世贸组织关税谈判的政治经济分析

众多研究者视中国加入世界贸易组织为一个经济重组与改革的策略,借牺牲＂旧的＂经济达到市场化的目的,因此进入世界贸易组织的谈判实质上反映这一改革议程。这一看法与实情不尽吻合。入世关税减让的考虑其实是一个比较复杂的程序,涉及政府仔细地平衡各个社会和政治力量及因素。     

从职业病防治看我国集体合同制度的不足与完善

职业病防治法的规定已经较落后,应当对其进行修改,扩大职业病的范围,同时为集体合同约定职业病条款预留空间。改革职业病的管理体制,积极完善工会组织,充分利用行业集体合同、区域集体合同和专项集体合同等现有机制,通过集体协商,引导劳动者和用人单位通过集体合同解决职业病防治问题,无论对于合同双方主体还是对于整个社会都是有益的。