交通工程特色专业课程体系建设与实践

专业课程体系建设是特色专业教学改革的一项重要内容。分析了华北水利水电学院交通工程专业9年来在专业发展中存在的问题,总结了以往专业课程设置改革与实践的经验,并基于本专业毕业生的招生就业与课程建设的关系,提出了交通工程特色专业今后课程体系的建设思路。     

能源约束下城市空间发展模式选择

近年来,我国城市化演进过程不断加快,能源消耗快速向城市集中,能源供求缺口越来越大,城市能源的可持续利用和城市的生态环境问题也随之而来,选择合理的城市化发展模式,对于提高一个城市的可持续发展能力具有重要的现实意义.城市空间发展模式影响着居民出行方式、出行分布、城市交通结构和城市建筑耗能,并进而影响着城市的能源利用效率.根...     

A class of models for aggregated traffic volume time series

Summary. The development of time series models for traffic volume data constitutes an important step in constructing automated tools for the management of computing infrastructure resources. We analyse two traffic volume time series: one is the volume of hard disc activity, aggregated into half-hour periods, measured on a workstation, and the other is the volume of Internet requests made to a workstation. Both of these time series exhibit features that are typical of network traffic data, namely strong seasonal components and highly non-Gaussian distributions. For these time series, a particular class of non-linear state space models is proposed, and practical techniques for model fitting and forecasting are demonstrated.     

Identifying traffic safety best practice: an application of DEA and Malmquist indices

DEA is used in this paper to investigate target achievements of the operational units of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) charged with traffic safety services. The DEA framework applied corresponds to a BCC model with a unique constant input, or equivalently, with no inputs. This framework is further extended to a DEA-based Malmquist index to measure productivity growth in target achievements. Finally, we use a bootstrapping method to ascertain confidence intervals for efficiency scores derived and to test hypotheses on the extent of productivity growth or regress. The mean efficiency scores by which targets are achieved across the sample years are in the range 0.81–0.93 and significant at the 5% level. Total productivity in target achievements shows progress with significance, on average at 7%. Much of the progress is attributed to technological progress. The results illustrate the usefulness of using a decomposable index for productivity measurement, and the use of bootstrapping for sensitivity tests.     

Simultaneous modelling of multiple traffic safety performance indicators by using a multivariate generalized linear mixed model

Summary.  Traffic safety in the UK is one of the increasing number of areas where central government sets targets based on 'outcome-focused' performance indicators (PIs). Judgments about such PIs are often based solely on rankings of raw indicators and simple league tables dominate centrally published analyses. There is a considerable statistical literature examining health and education issues which has tended to use the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to address variability in the data when drawing inferences about relative performance from headline PIs. This methodology could obviously be applied in contexts such as traffic safety. However, when such models are applied to the fairly crude data sets that are currently available, the interval estimates generated, e.g. in respect of rankings, are often too broad to allow much real differentiation between the traffic safety performance of the units that are being considered. Such results sit uncomfortably with the ethos of 'performance management' and raise the question of whether the inference from such data sets about relative performance can be improved in some way. Motivated by consideration of a set of nine road safety performance indicators measured on English local authorities in the year 2000, the paper considers methods to strengthen the weak inference that is obtained from GLMMs of individual indicators by simultaneous, multivariate modelling of a range of related indicators. The correlation structure between indicators is used to reduce the uncertainty that is associated with rankings of any one of the individual indicators. The results demonstrate that credible intervals can be substantially narrowed by the use of the multivariate GLMM approach and that multivariate modelling of multiple PIs may therefore have considerable potential for introducing more robust and realistic assessments of differential performance in some contexts.     

城市公共交通车线网络优化模型

本文以文献[8、14]为代表的城市公共交通车线网络优化评价方法为基础,改进了原有的不足,提出一种新的方法,建立了相应的模型,并利用我国的三个城市的实际数据进行了分析,获得较好的结果。     

The value of mortality risk reductions in Delhi,India

We interviewed commuters in Delhi, India, to estimate their willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce their risk of dying in road traffic accidents in three scenarios that mirror the circumstances under which traffic fatalities occur in Delhi. The WTP responses are internally valid: WTP increases with the size of the risk reduction, income, and exposure to road traffic risks, as measured by length of commute and whether the respondent drives a motorcycle. As a result, the value of a statistical life (VSL) varies across groups of beneficiaries. For the most highly-exposed individuals the VSL is about 150,000 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) dollars.

公交专用道设置效果的计算机模拟

本文分析了公共交通专用道的基本结构,简述了专用道设计和评价的一般步骤,并在IBM-PC/XT上实现了城市公交专用道模型UBLM软件,为城市公交专用道的设计和评价提供了有效手段。     

The importance of traffic corridors as urban habitats for plants in Finland

Traffic corridors have been recognized as floristically rich with endangered and rare species included. The aim of this study is to treat traffic corridors as habitats and estimate their importance for diversity of vascular plants on municipal level. The material is derived from the comprehensive studies of urban floras in the cities of Vantaa, Kerava and Järvenpää during the 1990s in southern Finland. The material consists of over 190,000 species records (704–771 species). The material was divided in two groups: the ones with occurrences in traffic corridors (TC) and the others with no occurrences (NTC). The percentage of the traffic corridor plants of the total flora is almost the same in all the three cities: two thirds in traffic corridors and one third not in traffic corridors. The explanation may be the general floristic similarity of the cities. The two groups differ ecologically from each other. The association of plants with traffic corridors varies according to the ecology of the species. About 100 plants have more than 50% of their occurrences in traffic corridors. In Järvenpää, a group of four Carex-species was intensively mapped. 46 occurrences out of 50 were found in traffic corridors. A case study showed the difficulties in management of endangered species on a roadside site. The usual extensive management techniques were not sustainable for the survival of the species. Instead, a much more intensive management was needed.     

刑法应增设交通肇事逃逸罪

近年来,交通肇事逃逸问题一直是我国刑事司法和刑法理论关注的焦点.刑法和最高人民法院的相关司法解释对此问题的规定不够明确,学界对此问题的认识也存在分歧,导致司法实践中对这类案件的处理极不统一.为了更好地打击交通肇事逃逸犯罪,消解学界关于交通肇事逃逸行为定性的纷争及相关司法解释存在的理论问题,统一司法实践,最佳的选择是修改刑法,将交通肇事逃逸行为从交通肇事罪中分离出来单独定罪,在刑法中设立交通肇事逃逸罪.