论马克思理论的逻辑起点与出发点

马克思理论的逻辑起点是“本质的人”,出发点是“现实的人”。马克思理论的出发点和逻辑起点的区分,标志了马克思思维方式的彻底变革,为马克思理论的产生和形成奠定了科学的基础。同时,它对我们深化理解马克思理论和构建社会主义和谐社会来说有着极其重要的理论和实践意义。     

《中国少数民族文艺理论集成》注释误漏举隅

《中国少数民族文艺理论集成》一书的出版填补了我国文艺理论研究史上的不少空白.但由于此书成于众手,错舛之处亦在所难免,按页码顺序从该书中可拣出除刘禹锡部分(刘禹锡部分有另文论之)之外的、有明显误漏的注释十二条,并有翔实的史料可为此举证.     

基于扎根理论的茅山江南名山形象认知分析

江南名山是中国名山文化的重要组成部分,其形象的开发和利用为古代文人和知识分子所主导,是当前完善名山风景建设的关键因素,而诗词文本则是江南名山形象构建的见证。本文以江南名山茅山为研究案例,结合元代刘大彬所著《茅山志·金薤篇》中记载的茅山相关诗词及网络搜集的补充诗词为文本材料,运用扎根理论对文本内容进行三级编码,归纳形成包括山地、生物、天象、气象资源等在内的十五个初始范畴和自然资源、文化特征、审美活动、行为互动、建筑设施五个主范畴,进而利用文本分析软件ROST CM6进行词频分析、社会网络与语义网络分析、情感意象分析。分析发现诗词文本中自然资源构成了茅山风景区核心景观资源。情感意象分析发现,中性情感比重最大,"归隐"频次最高,反映出诗人普遍以茅山寄托隐居志向,积极情感多表达诗人对自然资源的由衷喜爱。最后构建江南名山形象塑造过程的模型,认为永嘉之乱后江南名山得到了发展,优越的自然条件作为风景要素,是形象认知的起点和自然供给力。宗教文化的发展进一步推动了山岳诗文的创作,二者构成重要的文化供给力。隐居和游观活动的兴盛则是江南名山文化吸引力的重要体现。总结得出了茅山江南名山形象,为后续江南名山形象认知的研究打下基础。     

VALIDATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS- WITH APPLICATIONS TO AUDITING AND ACCOUNTING EXPERT SYSTEMS*

This paper proposes a set of definitions for the concepts “validation” and “assessment” applied to expert systems (ESs). It develops a framework for this validation and demonstrates the framework on existing accounting and auditing ESs to elicit some of the research issues involved in ES validation. Validation is critical to the design and implementation of decision-making ESs. In a setting where objectivity is sought and variance is avoided, validation ascertains what a system knows, knows incorrectly, or does not know. Validation ascertains the system's level of expertise and investigates the theoretical basis on which the system is based. It evaluates the reliability of decisions made by the system. The validation framework developed in this paper is research methods. It is designed to reflect the unique aspects of ESs (in contrast to other types of computer programs) and can be used by ES developers as a basis from which to perform validation and by researchers as a framework to elicit research issues in validation.     

Notes and Communications “A DECISION THEORY EXAMPLE IN FOOTBALL”: A COMMENT*

Janssen and Daniel analyzed the choice between a one- or a two-point conversion for a particular game situation in college football. Their decision criteria was maximum expected utility based on a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function defined over the games outcomes. An alternative approach based on a stochastic dominance criterion is presented that does not rely on knowledge of the relative importance of tying vs. winning; rather, it relies on a notion of consistency in the sequential problem.     

STOCHASTIC COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS IN A COMPETITIVE OLIGOPOLY

Previous stochastic cost-volume-profit (CVP) models have assumed that the firm was operating under either perfect competition or monopolistic conditions. This paper presents a stochastic CVP model applicable to oligopolistic competition. Each firm is assumed to maximize a linear function of the expected value and the standard deviation of its random profits. The result is a game-theoretic model that is solved using the concept of a Nash equilibrium. The results of the model are used to examine a firm's competitive strength. The model can be easily modified to accommodate a measure of risk based on the capital asset pricing theory.     

A DECISION THEORY EXAMPLE IN FOOTBALL

In the 1967 Harvard-Cornell football game, Harvard was ahead 14–0 late in the game when Cornell scored two touchdowns. On both occasions, Cornell tried and failed on the two-point conversion attempt and lost the game 14–12. Postgame arguments were divided on the merits of Cornell's strategy. For this frequently occurring scenario in college football, we derive a maximum expected utility decision rule for the decision of kicking versus running/passing based on the relative utility of a win, a tie, or a loss and the probabilities of success with a kick as opposed to a run/pass.     

产业协同集聚的资源错配效应研究

利用2003－2016年中国280个地级市的数据,分别测算了产业协同集聚指数、资本错配和劳动力错配指数,采用差分GMM方法考察产业协同集聚对资源错配的影响。结果发现：产业协同集聚的提高,会显著降低资本错配和劳动力错配指数;分地区的回归发现,东部地区产业协同集聚改善了资本错配,对劳动力错配负向作用不显著,中部地区产业协同集聚会改善资本错配,但会恶化劳动力错配,西部地区产业协同集聚则加剧了资本错配,但可以缓解劳动力错配情况。进一步作用机制分析表明,产业协同集聚水平的提高,会显著提高金融业的专业化分工,进而改善资本错配,同时会提高劳动力成本,改善劳动力错配。文章的政策含义是通过产业协同集聚,可以提高金融业的专业化分工和劳动力成本,进而缓解资本和劳动力的错配,提高经济效率,促进经济增长。     

Using theory of change as a framework for examining community context and philanthropic impact

As part of the process of examining their theory of change (TOC) and reflecting on grant making activity, one Midwestern foundation employed a multipronged strategy to assess 209 community-based mental health grants across seven years of funding. This article details the evaluation approach, which comprised these areas of the TOC: grantees’ use of evidence-based interventions, cultural competency, quality improvement, community collaboration, and use of integrated care. Inductive analyses identified grantees’ use of innovative practices, trauma-informed care, and use of validated instruments. In an iterative exercise spanning multiple years, the foundation and researchers found ways to gather information about community capacity and impact while simultaneously minimizing grantee data collection/reporting burden. Findings revealed that community agencies were improving in their uptake of evidence-based interventions and use of validated instruments. Community grantee use of trauma informed care also improved over the study period. Grantee desire to collaborate and coordinate services within the community was also strong. The research also revealed that in multiple domains (such as technology and non-profit operating costs) grantees needed support in building agency capacity. These findings shed light on which aspects of the foundation’s TOC were being addressed through funding, and which areas of the community needed additional support.