Net Neutrality,Broadband Market Coverage,and Innovation at the Edge*

Net neutrality (NN) is a widely debated policy issue that has the potential to alter the dynamics of accessing online content. The focal point of the debate lies in whether broadband service providers (BSPs) should be allowed to charge content providers for the preferential delivery of their digital content. This decision will affect broadband market coverage for end consumers as well as the issues of long‐term competition and innovation in the market of digital content. Our research aims to analyze and address these issues. We propose a game theoretical model with three players—the BSP, the content providers, and the consumers—where the BSP, in its capacity as a gatekeeper between the content providers and the consumers, is modeled as a two‐sided market platform. We find that while abandoning the principle of NN might sometimes result in increased consumer surplus and broadband market coverage, it can also hinder the ability of startups to compete against established rivals and thus reduce innovation at the edge. The results should be of great interest to policymakers as they debate on this very crucial issue.     

Price Incentives and Coordination in a Two‐Product Decentralized Supply Chain

We investigate pricing incentives for competing retailers who distribute two variants of a manufacturer's product in a decentralized supply chain. Under a two‐dimensional Hotelling model, we derive decentralized retailers' prices for the products, and distortions in pricing when compared to centrally optimal prices. We show that price distortions decrease as consumers' travel cost between retailers increases, due to less intense competition. However, price distortions do not change monotonically in consumers' switching cost between products within stores. To fix decentralized retailers' price distortions, we construct a two‐part pricing contract that coordinates the supply chain. We show that the coordinating contract is Pareto‐improving and analyze increase in the supply chain profit under coordination.     

两轮驱动：张家川县畜牧养殖业发展模式建构

发展民族经济,提升少数民族地区人民生活水平是科学发展,建设和谐社会的重要内涵。张家川回族自治县适合紫花苜蓿生长的自然环境是发展畜牧养殖业的重要前提,农畜相依的经济结构是畜牧养殖业发展的殷实基础,而皮毛贩卖业的经济传统则成为畜牧养殖业发展的动力保障。以无公害畜牧业和养殖业协同作业为基础构建的两轮驱动模式,整合紫花苜蓿草场、草料加工、无公害鲜肉以及清真肉类食品加工等关键产业链的资源运作,把零散的生产力联合起来,以＂团队＂的形式参与市场竞争,提升了民族地区经济实力。     

中西语境下“两种文化”冲突的比较分析

尽管＂两种文化＂冲突是一个世界性的普遍现象,但在中西语境下却有着不同的意义特征。西方＂两种文化＂的冲突是因为＂科学主义＂的崛起,而中国并没有真正意义上的＂科学主义＂;西方＂两种文化＂的冲突是一种对等意义上的冲突,而中国尚缺乏这种平等对话的基础;西方＂两种文化＂的冲突形成了两类明显对立的身份群体,而在中国似乎并没有出现;西方＂两种文化＂的冲突是因为科学明显高于人文,而在中国仍是人文具有最高价值。     

G函数与新古典—两部门分析

新古典主义模型和两部门分析是当代农业经济学的基本出发点,为发现对象空间里点上的规律做出了重要的贡献,已经成为理论发展的基本范式。G函数完成了一次对一般经济理论的大综合,推进了经济学理论核心的进展,引导出了新的探索方向。作为基本经济学原理的接受者和具体应用方向的开发者,农业经济学对此必定有积极的反应。将范式融入原理,大力开展试验和实验,将成为农业经济学理论取得新进展的主要方向。     

THE POWER AND SIZE OF NONPARAMETRIC TESTS FOR COMMON DISTRIBUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

This paper considers the power and size properties of some well known nonparametric linear rank tests for location and scale as well as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov omnibus test and proposed alternatives to it. Independence between some classes of linear rank tests is established facilitating their joint application. Monte Carlo study confirms the asymptotic power properties of the linear rank tests but raises concerns about their application in more general and practically relevant circumstances. It also indicates that the new omnibus tests constitute viable alternatives with superior properties to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in certain circumstances.     

玉米种植密度与双棒率及空杆率的调查分析

玉米双棒率与空杆率是影响产量的两个因素,经调查研究表明：双棒率与种植密度有关,密度小,双棒率高,经测验差异显著;空杆率与密度无关,差异不显著。     

确立科学的思想观点 正确理解和推进“两个转变

实现计划生育工作思路和工作机制、运作方式的“两个转变” ,是我国计划生育的一项战略决策。本文论述了计生工作者应如何树立科学的思想观点 ,正确理解和推进“两个转变”     

‘The Rule of Men Entirely Great’: Republicanism,Ritual, and Richelieu in Melville’s ‘The Two Temples’

Abstract

This article explores the complex and multifarious reasons behind Herman Melville’s decision to refer to the English playwright Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s 1839 work Richelieu, or The Conspiracy in his 1854 diptych ‘The Two Temples’. It responds to a critical consensus that has seen the reference merely as a sarcastic attack on William Macready (whose rivalry with the American actor Edwin Forrest was the nominal cause of the bloody 1849 Astor Place Riot in New York), by contextualizing the play within traditions of antebellum American Anglophilia. By using a combination of new critical work on Anglo-Americanism and anthropological ritual theory, I show how Bulwer-Lytton’s play was significant to Melville’s artistic development. In particular, I demonstrate how the play influenced his increasing engagement with republican and theatrical forms of expression that emphasized the importance of filial relationships between America and Britain in a period of increasing hostility between the two nations.     

A note on f statistics for instrumental variable regessions

The asymptotic distribution of the F statistic calculated from instrumental variable'two stage least squares residuals is obtained.