Parallel machine scheduling subject to auxiliary resource constraints

This paper is motivated by scheduling photolithography machines in semiconductor manufacturing wherein reticle requirements are the auxiliary resource constraints. As the problem is NP hard, two different heuristic solution approaches are developed. The performance of our network-based mathematical model and heuristics are evaluated through an extensive set of problem instances. The best performing heuristic method typically produces solutions that are 1.72% above optimal. If this method is used as the seed solution for a Tabu search-based post processing algorithm, schedules that are 0.78% above the optimal solution, on average, are possible.     

大弹涂鱼肝脏蛋白质双向电泳技术的建立及优化

通过对不同裂解液配方、等电聚焦程序和SDS-PAGE方式等的对比实验,建立和优化了大弹涂鱼肝脏蛋白质组双向电泳的相关技术体系。结果显示采用裂解液中添加Tris和TBP,聚焦时适当延长除盐时间,提高聚焦电压和功率(伏-小时),能显著提高双向电泳图谱的分辨率,MSOG程序进行双向电泳(Multi-strips on One Gel MSOG),提高了双向凝胶的匹配率及有效性,降低了人为修饰点的增加,匹配率高达90%。通过相关条件优化提高了大弹涂鱼肝脏蛋白双向电泳图谱的分辨率,为后续大弹涂鱼的毒理蛋白质组学研究提供技术保障。     

高负债与资本结构不合理的关系探析--兼论我国国有企业资本结构优化

资本结构是指权益资本与负债资本的比例关系,资本结构的核心问题就是负债问题.资本结构是一个动态的概念,考察资本结构合不合理不能仅从负债高低考虑,而应权衡各方面的因素综合分析.     

Multi-site aggregate production planning with multiple objectives: A goal programming approach

This paper addresses the problem of aggregate production planning (APP) for a multinational lingerie company in Hong Kong. The multi-site production planning problem considers the production loading plans among manufacturing factories subject to certain restrictions, such as production import/export quotas imposed by regulatory requirements of different nations, the use of manufacturing factories/locations with regard to customers' preferences, as well as production capacity, workforce level, storage space and resource conditions of the factories. In this paper, a multi-objective model is developed to solve the production planning problems, in which the profit is maximized but production penalties resulting from going over/under quotas and the change in workforce level are minimized. To enhance the practical implications of the proposed model, different managerial production loading plans are evaluated according to changes in future policy and situation. Numerical results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the developed model.     

Making combination vaccines more accessible to low-income countries: The antigen bundle pricing problem

Combination vaccines have become the preferred choice for immunizing children in high- and middle-income countries. However, these new vaccines are prohibitively expensive for low-income countries, causing them to rely on older, less-expensive vaccines. This product divergence decreases economies of scale for the purchase of vaccines and eliminates the financial incentive for manufacturers to maintain production of less-expensive vaccines or even to develop new vaccines for diseases affecting developing countries. This paper treats combination vaccines as bundles of antigens that can be priced as a single item. Such bundles are used to formulate an optimization problem that determines the combination vaccine allocation between vaccine producers and different countries under a price discrimination agreement. The objective of the optimization problem is to satisfy countries' antigen demand at the lowest possible price, while providing a reasonable profit for the vaccine producers. The optimization problem results in a mixed-integer non-linear programming model that maximizes the sum of manufacturing profits and the customer surplus, and hence, it maximizes the total social surplus. Moreover, a constructive heuristic is proposed to determine an approximation to the best allocation of combination vaccines and their range of feasible prices. Computational results show that vaccine prices in all market segments become more affordable as the supply of the most complex combination vaccines becomes more available to low-income countries.     

论苏轼初期词

苏轼的词创作在我国诗歌发展史上占有重要地位。长期以来,多数论者都把苏词研究的重点放在苏词创作的成熟期,这自然无可非议。本文提出苏轼初期词的概念,意在延伸苏词研究的视野,以使人们更为客观准确地把握苏词创作的全貌。     

“费时低效”与语言习得——对优化大学英语教学方法的思考

不恰当的教学方法是造成大学英语教学“费时低效”现象的原因之一。在充分了解语言习得过程的基础上探索以该理论为指导原则的教学方法,“高效低耗”地培养学生实际运用语言能力,即尽量创造促进语言习得的教学环境,让第二语言的学得最大可能变为第一语言的习得,增加语言的输入量和输出量,使教学方法与教学目的达到最佳的匹配度,作到有的放矢,降低教学“成本”,增大教学的“有效”产出。     

不确定性与房地产税额确定组合优化

房地产税额确定的准确性主要取决于两个方面:房地产估价和税率。目前房地产估价有三大基本方法,即市场比较法、成本法和收益法。除此之外还有一些其他方法,如假设开发法、路线价法、长期趋势法等,然而不管哪一种方法由于受到各种主观和客观因素的影响,其估价值都存在着误差。为了减少这种误差,本文构建了一种房地产组合估价优化方法,它能够有效降低房地产在估价中存在的不确定性,从而减少税额误差。     

广东产业结构调整对高等教育的影响及其对策

文章运用产业经济理论和高等教育发展理论 ,研究广东产业结构和高等教育结构之间的关系 ,探讨在“十五”期间 ,面临广东产业结构的优化升级对高等教育的发展所提出的新要求 ,如何使高等教育的类型结构、布局结构、层次结构和学科结构适应经济结构、产业结构、技术结构和人才结构 ;如何使高等教育的发展能为广东产业结构的调整、优化提供智力和人才的支撑 ,为广东率先基本实现现代化作出贡献。     

机泵系统流量调节方案的优化设计

本文旨在对任一机泵系统流量调节的各种方案进行优化设计,为此建立了以投资回收期为目标函数、满足流量分布等为约束条件的数学模型。同时通过对单台、并联机泵系统各种调节方案的节能计算公式的推导,最终得出目标函数的最优解。