哈尔滨市人口发展历程及趋势

根据人口普查等文献资料,对哈尔滨市人口发展历程与现状进行深入分析,并对其未来发展趋势进行预测。预测结果表明:哈尔滨市人口规模将保持增长趋势,人口老龄化程度也将不断加深。据此,对哈尔滨市人口发展面临的问题提出了相应对策。     

外来流动人口计划生育工作问题的探讨

昆山市是苏南地区经济较发达、外来流动人口较多的县级市.外来人口不仅逐年增多、量大,而且持证率、计生率、计划外生育处结率都较低.其原因主要是外来人口生育观念滞后,管理工作不规范等5个方面原因.建议采取强化政府行为、实行现居住地管理、改革考核指标、保障经费、依法管理5项措施.     

A framework for progressively improving small area population estimates

Summary.  The paper presents a framework for small area population estimation that enables users to select a method that is fit for the purpose. The adjustments to input data that are needed before use are outlined, with emphasis on developing consistent time series of inputs. We show how geographical harmonization of small areas, which is crucial to comparisons over time, can be achieved. For two study regions, the East of England and Yorkshire and the Humber, the differences in output and consequences of adopting different methods are illustrated. The paper concludes with a discussion of how data, on stream since 1998, might be included in future small area estimates.     

总体分高低成本下的复合多目标抽样方案的设计与应用

文章依据复合多目标抽样的基本原理,提出了高低成本指标广义相关下的多目标复合抽样方法的设计方案,探讨了依广义相关性进行分类的抽样方案在精度和成本方面的优良性,并进行了实际比较与应用。     

含零总体中位数的经验似然

当所研究的总体中含有一定比率的零值,而其余的值大于零时,则称为含零总体。文章利用Owen的经验似然方法来构造这类总体的中位数的置信区间,所得结果不需要假设总体服从某种参数模型,并能利用样本中零值的信息,而且构造的置信区间受非零总体偏斜的影响比一些其他非参数方法小一些。同时,随机模拟的结果也显示了这一点。     

Bayesian Analysis of DNA Profiling Data in Forensic Identification Applications

The utilization of DNA evidence in cases of forensic identification has become widespread over the last few years. The strength of this evidence against an individual standing trial is typically presented in court in the form of a likelihood ratio (LR) or its reciprocal (the profile match probability). The value of this LR will vary according to the nature of the genetic relationship between the accused and other possible perpetrators of the crime in the population. This paper develops ideas and methods for analysing data and evaluating LRs when the evidence is based on short tandem repeat profiles, with special emphasis placed on a Bayesian approach. These are then applied in the context of a particular quadruplex profiling system used for routine case-work by the UK Forensic Science Service.     

哈尔滨市人口分布问题研究

从整个市域来看,哈尔滨市人口分布具有不平衡性,为圈层结构。从城乡人口分布来看,市区与市辖市县之间形成了二元结构。在城镇规模结构体系上,表现为不够协调。哈尔滨市的人口分布对在土地利用效益、人居环境和城市的区域影响力等方面都构成了一定影响,因此,改善人口分布状态是哈尔滨市未来人口发展中必须着重解决的问题。     

A simple variance formula for population size estimators by conditioning

This note considers the variance estimation for population size estimators based on capture–recapture experiments. Whereas a diversity of estimators of the population size has been suggested, the question of estimating the associated variances is less frequently addressed. This note points out that the technique of conditioning can be applied here successfully which also allows us to identify sources of variation: the variance due to estimation of the model parameters and the binomial variance due to sampling n units from a population of size N. It is applied to estimators typically used in capture–recapture experiments in continuous time including the estimators of Zelterman and Chao and improves upon previously used variance estimators. In addition, knowledge of the variances associated with the estimators by Zelterman and Chao allows the suggestion of a new estimator as the weighted sum of the two. The decomposition of the variance into the two sources allows also a new understanding of how resampling techniques like the Bootstrap could be used appropriately. Finally, the sample size question for capture–recapture experiments is addressed. Since the variance of population size estimators increases with the sample size, it is suggested to use relative measures such as the observed-to-hidden ratio or the completeness of identification proportion for approaching the question of sample size choice.     

A note on the asymptotic optimality of a two population sequential probability ratio test

It is shown that a two population sequential probability ratio test studied by a number of recent authors in the context of sequential medical trials is asymptotically optimal.