Inferring Australian children's sense of community: A critical exploration

Sense of community (SOC) has been found to be a predictor of adult well-being and psychological health. Recent research has begun to explore adolescents' SOC. However, there is a dearth of research on the meaning children attach to their community and the development of their SOC, despite its potential for providing an understanding of important aspects of children's lives. Conversational interviews were conducted in schools with 46 children aged from 9 to 12 years. The results were analysed using an unfolding strategy. The findings indicate that for children, understandings of community focus on the relationships shared with the significant others central to their experience of childhood--family, friends, and neighbours, consistent with Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework. Children also described community in terms of environment, both built and natural. Further exploration of the children's understanding of community yielded insights into the role of activities, interactions, good and bad aspects of community and problem solving in their understanding of community. The implications of the research are discussed in terms of programme planning at the individual and systemic levels. Le sentiment d'appartenance àune communauté est un indicateur qui nous permet de prévoir la santé psychologique et le bien-être chez les adultes. Les chercheurs ont commencé récemment à explorer le sentiment d'appartenance à une communauté par les adolescents. Cependant peu de recherche a étéfaite sur le sens que les enfants donnent àla communauté à laquelle ils appartiennent et au développement de leur esprit communautaire. Ceci est important pour comprendre certains aspects essentiels de la vie des enfants. Nous avons conduit dans quelques écoles des entretiens non dirigés avec 46 enfants âgés de 9 à 12 ans. Les résultats ont été analysés étape par étape. Ils nous ont indiqué que la prise de conscience par les enfants de leur communauté proche dépendait de rapports-clés associés à leur expérience--en famille, avec leurs amis et leurs voisins, selon le modèle écologique de Bronfenbrenner. Les enfants décrivent également leur communauté en faisant des liens avec leur environnement (la nature et les bâtiments). D'autres études sur la manière dont les enfants assimilent la notion de communauté ont aidé à comprendre le rôle jouépar leurs activités, leurs interactions, les aspects positifs et négatifs de la vie de groupe et par la résolution des problèmes. Nous présenterons des applications de cette recherche à l'élaboration de programmes au niveau individuel et systémique.     

高职旅游心理学教材内容体系的重构探讨

我国现行高职旅游心理学内容体系,已不适应21世纪社会经济的发展要求。基于高职教育人才培养目标要求和学生素质状况,以高职旅游心理学内容体系的构建为研究视点,重构高职旅游心理学教材:以“旅游心理与旅游行为之间的关系”为主线,重构教材体系;以就业需求为导向,积极探索“模块结构”;以“必需够用”为原则,努力实现教学内容的“三个紧密联系”;以高职培养目标为指引,努力体现教材“浅、实、特、新”的特色。     

现代认知心理学探析

现代认知心理学主要是以信息加工的理论来研究人类的认知过程和复杂行为的科学，它强调研究内部心理机制并开拓了研究这种机制的新的方向和范式，显现出与其他心理学派的根本区别。现代认知心理学在其具体研究中主要采用实验、观察和计算机模拟等方法，使心理学进一步转向综合性的实证研究，有力地促进了心理学多方位的整合，尤其对用客观方法研究高级、复杂的认知活动作出了重要贡献。     

脑科学的发展对认知心理学的深刻影响

脑成像技术在认知心理学领域中取得了重要成果:在记忆系统的认知研究中,由于引进了脑成像技术,使得多重记忆系统的模型得到了更为可靠的试验数据的支持;内隐记忆与外显记忆两个分离系统的存在也获得了进一步的证实;再认记忆的研究,发现了"熟悉性"和"回想"两种不同形式的记忆功能。在语言产生的认知研究中,由于引进了脑成像技术,使试验结果非常好地支持了语言生成的三阶段理论。在关于思维的研究中,借助于脑成像技术,人们对思维与语言的关系有了更为深入的认识,对顿悟的研究也取得了令人鼓舞的成果。     

浙江省布依族流动人口的城市融入研究——基于民族文化心理的视角

每个民族特有的文化心理状态对其传统文化的传承、民族凝聚力的增强及民族自身发展具有不可替代的作用。浙江省是布依族流动人口的主要流入地,通过对浙江省绍兴市布依族流动人口的研究发现,共同的民族文化心理让身在异乡的布依族找到了群体归属感和心理安全感,增加了族内群体团结,但民族文化心理也给其城市生活带来了诸多不利影响。破解布依族流动人口城市融入的困境,需要布依族自身自主行动,也需要流入地政府采取措施多方位、宽领域地关心和关爱布依族流动人口的发展,更需要社会组织发挥专业特长,在扶贫济困、心理关怀、权利救济、就业能力提升等方面施以援手。     

On population comparisons using factor indexes or latent variables

Population comparisons of multivariate models using factor indexes or latent factors are demonstrated to be unsound with current methods of comparative analysis unless one is willing to assume a priori that all of the variances of the latent factors in a model are identical across all populations analyzed. This is an assumption that is probably only rarely found in comparative research. Without this assumption, comparisons are unsound regardless of whether model estimations are made from regression analysis or maximum likelihood techniques. A general method is suggested which proposes to make comparative analyses of factors possible without the assumption of equal variances across populations.     

婚恋节目折射的青年社会心理分析

“80后、90后”是当前备受关注的青年群体，他们正逐渐成为社会的重要力量。近年来随着电视婚恋节目的兴起热播，青年人对恋爱、婚姻的立场价值观在荧屏内外向我们展现出来，而从中透露的有关“80后、90后”的个人发展、社会担当等方面的很多问题是当前时代背景下的一系列社会产物。由于婚恋节目的主要参与者及影响对象是青年一代，通过对婚恋节目兴起及影响的分析，有助于揭示这一现象折射的“80后、90后”的社会心理．从而探讨其反映的我国现阶段青年发展特点．     

Diversification of Modern College Students＇ Roles and Transition of Their Professional Psychology

大学生社会角色随着社会的发展和时代的变迁不断被赋予新的内涵，体现出与社会期待相适应的特征。当代大学生社会角色具有过渡性、多重性与多变性特征，急剧的社会变革导致社会角色的多元化，加剧了角色冲突，增加了大学生在未来职业道路选择上的不确定性。大学生对社会角色的适应与转变深刻影响着他们的职业价值取向，使其职业心理体现出鲜明的时代特征。     

Do fixed payments affect effort? Examining relative thinking in mixed compensation schemes

Several earlier studies have shown that people exhibit “relative thinking”: they consider relative price differences even when only absolute price differences are relevant. The article examines whether relative thinking exists when people face mixed compensation schemes that include both fixed and pay-for-performance components. Such compensation schemes are prevalent in many occupations (e.g., salespeople and managers) and therefore are an important practical issue. Surprisingly, the ratio between the pay-for-performance and the fixed compensation does not affect effort, meaning that no relative thinking is found. Another experiment shows that this is not due to reciprocity that cancels out relative thinking. In a third experiment subjects make similar decisions without incentives and the results suggest that the different context (compensation schemes instead of price comparisons) and not the introduction of financial incentives (which were not used in previous studies) is the reason that relative thinking disappears. The results have implications for designing incentive schemes in firms and for designing experiments.