Scaling the prestige,authority, and income potential of college curricula

This paper develops the concept of “targeted education,” a theoretical ranking of college curricula, into a multidimensional framework. The new scales, based on the traditional stratification dimensions, prestige, authority, and income, are then used in a study of sex differences in the process of occupational achievement among men and women with college degrees. The targeted education scales predict occupational prestige and wages 7 years after the college degree, and they point out interesting differences between male and female attainment processes. In general, targeted education has a greater quantitative impact for men's occupational outcomes than for women's prestige and income, but results also suggest significant qualitative differences between men and women. A large proportion of women target their education toward, and end up in, an under-employed labor pool for the primary and secondary school system.     

The rescission of behaviors: Inconsistent responses in adolescent sexuality data

In longitudinal survey research, certain questions can be rescinded illogically. For instance, respondents who at Time 1 report having had sexual intercourse may at Time 2 report never having done so. This paper reports measurement techniques and analyses of these types of inconsistencies from an ongoing longitudinal adolescent sexuality project. Inconsistencies in intercourse, masturbation, and other sexual behaviors are reported and compared to rates from other studies and other less sensitive behaviors within the same study. Three conclusions are presented: (1) inconsistencies should be considered a natural part of any longitudinal survey process and should be incorporated into the response model; (2) inconsistency rates in these particular data support the contention that adolescent sexuality data of appropriate quality for analytical purposes can be obtained; and (3) inconsistency rates in fact contain substantive information concerning the processes under consideration.     

Theoretical and research considerations of burnout

As in any new area of investigation, the study of the phenomenon of burnout contains much potential benefit, especially to workers in helping/service professions; and it contains sources of error which may delay or distort understandings that are sorely needed. This paper identifies and explains many pitfalls and sources of error in developing theory and research about burnout. After discussing the limitations of the current definitions of burnout, the authors explore the ramifications of the most well supported definition. Specific suggestions are made for further investigation, especially in the area of individual characteristics and their interaction with the burnout phenomenon. Finally, methodologies most likely to yield solid, usable information for practitioners are discussed.     

英语失言现象的理论分析及对英语学习的启示

借鉴前人的研究成果,结合心理语言学理论对困扰中国学生学习英语的失言现象做进一步探讨,分析言语产生的心理表征、心理过程以及中国学生在英语失言中体现出的显著特征--惧怕心理,进而点明对英语失言现象进行研究所具有的实践意义.     

当代心理学的困惑与争论

当代心理学在研究对象、研究方法和科学观方面存在着诸多的困惑与争论。在研究对象方面,传统心理学认为心理学的研究对象是“精神实体”,而后现代主义心理学则认为心理学的研究对象是社会文化的建构;在研究方法方面,经验实证方法处在主流地位,但是方法多元论的呼声越来越高;在科学观方面,自然科学模型的心理学与人文社会科学模型的心理学处于争论不休的状态。     

Meta-cognition and resistance to political persuasion: evidence from a three-wave panel study

ABSTRACT

We investigate the temporal course of meta-cognition and resistance processes following exposure to counter-attitudinal information in the 2012 Presidential election. Using a unique 3-wave survey panel design, we tracked eligible voters during the last months of the 2012 campaign and experimentally manipulated exposure to negative political messages targeting Barack Obama and Mitt Romney on an online platform. As predicted, we found that politically unengaged (vs. engaged) individuals were less likely to counter-argue a message attacking their favored candidate. Resistance, in turn, led to increased attitudinal certainty, polarization, and correspondence with actual voting behavior over the course of the campaign. These findings provide the first analysis of the longitudinal effects of meta-cognitive processes underlying persuasion for real-world attitude change and behavior.     

转型期中国社会信任问题研究的路径选择——基于中西比较的视角

信任在中国民众的社会生活中扮演着重要角色,但对中国社会信任问题的关注却更多以人际和关系作为切入点,随着中国社会变迁与转型的不断推进,有必要对中国人信任研究的内涵加以拓展并深入探索。西方信任研究无疑为当前中国信任问题的良好把握提供了借鉴与参考。基于文化心理学视角的信任研究路径,将信任看作是一种作为社会心态的共享态度,这一视角的整合性特征和良好文化适应性不但弥补了以往研究取向的缺憾,而且使得研究的生态效度得以提升,顺应了时代发展赋予中国信任问题研究的历史责任。     

张载与王夫之的道德心理哲学

就当代学者来说,如何从经验考察来验证人是否有先天或普遍的道德情感会是很有启发的道德心理学议题。从道德心理哲学的角度重新解析张载以及王夫之的道德理论。探讨他们对道德的可能性,善的根源的解释,以及他们对恶如何产生,如何对付的主张,我们会发现,张载比较强调理性的重要性,而王夫之则从道德情感出发。两种理论的比较可以作为我们进一步思考的出发点。     

政治心理学中的人格研究与精神分析法

政治心理学起源于对政治现象中政治人的精神与生理的关注,故此,对于政治人格的精神病理学研究一直是这门学科的主题。然而,人格一词对于政治学家和心理学家而言范围大小不同,心理学家将人格作为解释个体在面临不同刺激时的行为反应模式,政治学家更倾向于将人格看作一种心理防卫机制,进而探讨这种机制对于政治行为产生的影响。从概念界定到研究方法等方面,精神分析既促进了人格研究的深化和成型,又给政治—人格分析法带来了挑战。