Spatial approaches to measure subnational inequality: Implications for Sustainable Development Goals

The United Nations expressed an interest in reducing subnational (i.e., province and state level) inequality. We propose using a spatial decomposition of the Gini coefficient (SDGC) to track changes in subnational inequality. Typically, agencies do not track summary measures of subnational clustering of development indicators. Tracking changes in the SDGC can help measure and reduce regional inequality. To illustrate the use of the SDGC, we first present data for 93 nations to obtain cross‐sectional variation. Next, to illustrate how the SDGC trends over time, changes in the Human Development Index in Mongolia are compared to Russia and China. The SDGC can show improvement, decline and persistent clustering of subnational level inequality. The SDGC is a useful measure for the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.     

Deaf access to justice in Northern Ireland: rethinking ‘Reasonable Adjustment’ in the Disability Discrimination Act

Abstract

This article provides findings of a qualitative study exploring the interactions of eight Deaf participants and one hearing ally with the justice system in Northern Ireland, where the Disability Discrimination Act requires solicitors to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ in order to provide effective access to Deaf clients. Three thematic categories emerged: (a) barriers to accessing justice, (b) work Deaf people do for access, and (c) the need to educate solicitors about access. A central strain ran through these themes: the idea that ‘reasonable adjustment’ must reflect the value of sign language interpreters in facilitating effective communication access for all the parties.     

纬书政治神话与禹形象的演变

在先秦至汉初的典籍中,禹是一位造福于民的治水英雄和人间君王。在纬书中,禹由凡人转变成充满神奇怪异色彩的受命圣王,从受命治水到受天赐、受天书,再到受舜,禅都是出自天命。纬书中的禹形象对后世史著和小说产生了较大的影响,如《吴越春秋》中禹出生、得天书、遇九尾白狐等情节都源自纬书,《博物志》等志怪小说多采用纬书中的资料。     

留美幼童与近代中国政治

留美幼童是近代中国第一批留学的群体。他们在近代中国的历史舞台上扮演着重要的角色．特别是在归国以后的岁月里,他们对近代中国政治的贡献比较明显,其表现为：第一,引进近代风气,冲击官僚旧习;第二,维护铁路主权,引爆革命高潮;第三,投身革命实践,促进民主进程。     

美国高校学生事务管理的变革及启示

美国高校的学生事务管理起源于宗教,最早可追溯到殖民时期的学院,有着悠久的历史,而今呈现出宏观层面专门化、组织机构扁平化、执行体系垂直化、管理模式多样化、保障体系法治化等特征和朝市场化接轨、资助化融合、学习化竞合、社区化合作等方向发展的态势,对我国高校学生管理的发展有重要启示意义.     

西域传说中的特殊国度

无论是正史"四夷传"还是地理博物类小说所记载的西域地区,都存在着小人国与女儿国这样的特殊国度。小人国的传说既有西南地区僬侥国的史实依据,也深受小大之言等俳词传统的影响;女儿国的传说既有西藏地区东女国的现实投影,也反映了印度传说的流播与接受;西域地区的特殊性使得这些传说在此地汇聚。这些传说除了满足好奇心与求知欲以外,更潜隐着通过强调他族的异质性以凝聚本族的文化功能.     

NGOs, Global Governance and the UN: NGOs as “Guardians of the Reform of the International System”

The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the United Nations (UN), as well as in world politics in general, is increasingly gaining the attention of scholars of international law, political science and social anthropology. Using extensive earlier research on NGO-UN relations and on the concept of global governance, it is concluded that although NGOs are becoming increasingly influential actors on the international arena, several problems impede their influence from growing within the UN. Once the inefficiencies of NGOs participation in United Nations’ bodies and institutions have been described, we propose some modalities of reform of this Organization, with the purpose of improving the involvement of world civil society in UN decision-making processes, and increasing its democratic profile. Finally, the study suggests several areas that require future research and more in-depth study in order to make predictions about how NGO-UN relations will evolve in the coming decades.

美国互联网过滤制度研究

美国互联网过滤制度是指美国联邦政府以扣减联邦补贴作为强制手段,要求公立中小学、博物馆和图书馆过滤互联网上对未成年人有害信息的法律制度。透过相关法律的制定过程、概念、特征、主要措施、落实情况,以及治理模式及其背后的政治、经济、社会和技术原因,提出四点启示：遵循互联网信息传播规律,采用间接监管和共同治理方式,减少对企业的限制和负担,减少对成年人的妨碍等。     

从一则史料看清王朝与琉球王国的贸易

清乾隆时,初设于雍正七年（1729）的军机房改名军机处。军机大臣在给皇帝上奏折后,其所奏内容另行由军机处负责抄录副本存档。其中在乾隆三十一年（1766）的一本奏折中,就有关于琉球国与清王朝贸易往来的详细记录,反映了当时清政府与琉球之间的友好关系。     

现代国际法中的集体安全制度

国际社会从各国实行的单独安全保障机制过渡到集体安全保障机制,《联合国宪章》建立了现行有效的全世界范围内的集体安全机制。分析《联合国宪章》所建立的集体安全机制目前面临的诸多挑战,并从加强国际法立法、解释,完善《联合国宪章》等方面提出加强集体安全机制的若干措施。