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11.
Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations
in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining
the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical
sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study,
a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture
analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then
computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images
into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were
examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC
based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship
between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions.
Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable
measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively
correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research
should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and
urban thermal conditions.
相似文献
Dengsheng LuEmail: |
12.
This paper reviews the main bodies of contemporary urban sustainability theory. From this analysis, two underpinning paradigms
of urban sustainability are identified: (1) The ‘Human Exemptionalism Paradigm’ (HEP), which emphasizes the ability of humans
to overcome environmental problems—see Urban Sociology, Urban Ecology, Urban Geography, Urban Psychology and Political Economy;
and (2) The ‘New Ecological Paradigm’ (NEP), which emphasizes the criticality of ecological limits to human progress—see Urban
Metabolism, Energy/Emergy Analysis and Ecological Footprinting. Each of these approaches is critically reviewed, highlighting
their main assumptions, theoretical and practical foci. It is argued in the paper that if the related issues of urban sustainability
and development are to be progressed, there needs to be: (1) a greater maturation of the NEP approaches, which are ‘relative
newcomers’ to the area of urban theory; and (2) greater integration and dialogue between the HEP and NEP approaches to urban
sustainability than has hitherto been the case.
相似文献
Murray G. PattersonEmail: |
13.
The health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool used to estimate the potential impact on health of non-health-related proposals prior to implementation. While it is increasingly used in Quebec, Canada, studies have not analyzed its medium-term impacts and potential long-term impacts. We conducted a contribution analysis using in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, as well as documents, observation and images related to HIA in order to analyze its impacts on the revitalization of road infrastructure, parks and green spaces, and residential housing. Our analysis not only reflects on the decision-making process through the adoption and implementation of HIA recommendations, but also on the link between actions implemented in the field and health outcomes. 相似文献
14.
We report findings from an evaluation of the Mentors in Toledo Schools program (MITS), which pairs adult community volunteers with elementary school students in need of reading support. Begun in 2012, MITS now operates in five elementary schools in Toledo Public Schools. A quasi-experimental study of 379 students (n = 128 mentored, n = 251 comparison) tested the effectiveness of MITS, using changes (fall to spring) in students’ scores on STAR Reading. Multilevel models demonstrate students who participated in MITS made statistically significant, and educationally meaningful, reading gains compared to students who did not participate. Further, an investigation of the importance of dosage revealed that number of mentoring sessions is related to students’ outcomes; students who participated in reading mentoring at least once per week showed the most educationally meaningful improvements. We also report qualitative feedback from adult program participants, including teachers, mentors, and site coordinators, to help contextualize the STAR Reading results. These findings speak to the opportunity for community volunteers to act as low-cost and effective supports for urban elementary school students who are at-risk for reading failure. 相似文献
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晚清民国时期,广西蔗糖业经历了繁荣、衰落再发展的轨迹,通过商人的经营活动促进了城镇经济网络和蔗糖业的楔合,蔗糖业的发展推动了城镇经济网络的发展。蔗糖业和城镇经济网络的楔合促进了民族经济融合。 相似文献
17.
李军 《西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,17(6):74-79
随着中国市场化、城市化进程的加快,城市贫困问题越发严重。基于社会学家胡格伟尔特(A.Hoogvelt)的"过程—互动—行动"分析框架,分析了现阶段我国城市贫困问题的新特点及成因,指出贫困问题的加重,一是源于对社会群体福利最大化这一社会目标的偏离,民众,特别是弱势民众没有充分享受到中国宏观经济增长的长处,"宏观上欣欣向荣、微观上民不聊生";二是民主制度的缺失致使弱势群体话语权缺失,没有一个可循的制度安排供城市贫民来表达权益;三是政策实施过程中的政府失灵。对此,文章提出破解城市贫困的制度选择。 相似文献
18.
中国城市史研究具有悠久的历史文化传统,得到了现代诸多学科发展的推动和新兴的城市史学的影响。当今的中国城市史研究呈现出加速发展的趋势,并形成了城市历史地理和古都研究、城市社会史研究、城市文化史研究、城市经济史研究、比较城市史研究以及城市史学理论研究等热点专题领域。中国城市史研究的未来发展可从城市史学的学科建设、城市史研究视野的拓宽与领域的开拓、城市史的整体研究与跨学科研究等三个方面寻求突破。 相似文献
19.
马克思主义哲学在中国的传播和发展已走过了90余年的风雨征程,马克思主义哲学在中国90余年的发展中呈现出了色彩斑斓和丰富多彩的画卷,并产生了独特的中国化马克思主义哲学形态,大体上有三种主流形态,即历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义、唯物辩证法和唯物史观与实践唯物主义。辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义是中国化马克思主义哲学的第一种形态,它是黑格尔哲学的辩证法的“合理内核”、费尔巴哈哲学的唯物主义的“基本内核”和马克思的新发现(即唯物史观)三者之总和;唯物辩证法和唯物史观是中国化马克思主义哲学的第二种形态,它是马克思主义理论先驱进行艰难探索的理论成果;“实践唯物主义”是中国化马克思主义哲学的第三种形态,把马克思主义哲学理解为“实践唯物主义”及其在中国的发展,这对繁荣和发展中国的马克思主义哲学具有重大的学术意义。 相似文献
20.