Conducting Large‐Scale Surveys in Secondary Schools: The Case of the Youth On Religion (YOR) Project

There are few published articles on conducting large‐scale surveys in secondary schools, and this paper seeks to fill this gap. Drawing on the experiences of the Youth On Religion project, it discusses the politics of gaining access to these schools and the considerations leading to the adoption and administration of an online survey. It is concluded that successful research in schools has to be planned carefully in collaboration with key members of staff, and justified as an educational activity. Providing speedy feedback was helpful to ensure schools benefited from the research and to keep them engaged with the project. © 2011 The Author(s). Children & Society © 2011 National Children’s Bureau and Blackwell Publishing Limited     

Twitter publics: how online political communities signaled electoral outcomes in the 2010 US house election

Online social networks are an important setting for understanding the intersection of online communities and offline political processes. This paper analyzes the different ways that people discuss elections on Twitter. Using data from a random sample totaling 113,985 tweets and 30,995 users, we examine the differences between users who employ various strategies to talk about US 2010 Congressional candidates. We show that users who simply include the text of a candidate's name in a message exhibit different behaviors than those who use platform-specific mechanisms. Users who employ free-text tend to have younger accounts, are less likely to be ‘verified’, and generate fewer messages about candidates. Furthermore, candidates’ share of the free-text Twitter public has a larger correlation with their vote tallies than @mentions or hashtags. This research has methodological implications for studying the dynamics between online discourse and offline behavior. Overall, our findings support the view that forms of communication that are more accessible are more indicative of broader social trends.     

思想史视野中的质性研究:以方法意涵的构建为例

本文尝试从思想史视角反思质性研究方法,以揭示被结构视角遮蔽的研究过程,从而探讨一种直面内心的反思性社会科学研究方式。思想史视角强调回到文本去阐释书写者赋予研究方法以意涵的思想过程。本文以“推论”“充分必要性”与“意义”等三种方法论立场中的方法意涵构建过程为例展现这样的思想过程：方法论如何引导了对特定研究方法的选择;当方法论与现实情况存在差距时,书写者如何在原有方法论立场中发展对质性方法新的理解以捍卫方法论的合理性;书写者如何在强调与其他立场的区分中发展对方法的理解。本文由此揭示了看似相同的方法背后所蕴含的巨大意涵和实践差异。一种围绕“意涵”展开的方法知识系统将有可能被建立起来。思想史视角为反思性的质性方法知识构建提供了可以付诸实践的路径。     

基于网络视角的中小企业国际化研究方法评述与展望

近年来中小企业逐渐成为国际化的一支生力军,对于中小企业国际化的研究已成为企业国际化领域重要的研究课题。不同于大型跨国企业,中小企业较多地受制于自身资源和规模的限制,因此企业网络在中小企业国际化过程中尤其发挥着重大作用,越来越多的学者开始从网络视角研究中小企业的国际化问题。本研究就“基于网络视角的中小企业国际化问题”相关文献为研究对象,对其研究方法进行了系统阐述,以期对进一步研究商业网络对中小企业国际化的影响提供借鉴和指导。     

外语教学法及其在大学公共俄语教学中的应用

外语教学法流派众多,各教学法各有所长,也各有弊端。我们要依据大学公共俄语教学阶段和课型来选用主体教学方法,博采众长,综合运用外语教学法,同时兼顾其他影响因素,将极大地提高外语教学效果,达到大学公共俄语教学人才培养的目标。     

复杂科学对教育研究的方法论意义

传统的思维方式日益显露出缺陷和有限性的弊端。复杂科学的引进,要求我们超越传统思维方式,把教育看作一个复杂的、稳定的而又动态、自我发展的系统,为我们进行教育研究提供了新的视角和思维方式。教育研究本身的复杂性,也要求我们以一种复杂的思维方式来进行。     

方法论更新与当代文学批评的出路

文学批评环境的恶化以及批评者自身能力的弱化,都使当代文学批评陷入新的一轮危机。所谓的“纯文学”、“文学性”等批评标准,面对20世纪90年代以来尤其是新世纪以来的文学新生态,不再具有理论说服力和阐释的有效性。一方面,“纯文学”文学作品或文学姿态不再受宠,以“纯文学”、“文学性”批评标准所经典化了的“经典”遭到了不同程度的解构;另一方面,通俗文学、民间写作、打工文学、80后新性情写作、欲望叙事和身体写作。却有被重新“经典化”的可能。如何有效地阐释当代的文学新现实,强化批评的能力,这成为当代文学批评者和文学理论界面临的重要课题。对于当代文学批评,必须更新论述方法,放弃狭隘的“文学性”批评标准。采用“文化人类学”视野、“理解接受”理论、“交流对话”理论、中国传统文论中的“情本体论”观察视角来对待和阐释当代文学文化新生态。或许能给当代文学批评注入新的活力和生机。     

Occupational Sex Composition and Gendered Housework Performance: Compensation or Conventionality?

This article examines the association between occupational sex composition and housework, considering total housework time, time on male‐typed and female‐typed tasks, and the percent of total time spent on male and female tasks. Previous research examining male‐ and female‐typed chores independent of total housework suggests that couples compensate for gender‐atypical employment through gender‐typical housework performance, but this analysis of the National Survey of Families and Households (1992–1994) and the American Time Use Survey (2003–2013) demonstrates that assuming a quadratic association and failing to contextualize gendered housework performance within total housework performance obscures the true relationship between occupation and housework. In fact, women and men in gender‐atypical occupations perform a more gender‐atypical combination of chores. The influence of gender deviance neutralization in the housework literature may overshadow alternative explanations and model specifications. In particular, by assuming a quadratic association, researchers may impose, rather than test, gender deviance neutralization.     

从“志在富民”到“文化自觉”:费孝通先生晚年的思想转向

本文是对费孝通先生晚年思想转向之成因的研究。费孝通晚年的研究强调理论与实践并重,力倡"文化自觉",由早年注重西方文化变而偏重于中国传统文化。通过对费孝通晚年著作的详细考察,本文认为,费孝通的思想转向是他在对中国现实社会的不间断的调查、实践和反思中形成的。这种思想转向是一种"社会科学"的转向,而不是文化立场的转变。本文以四个部分来论述这种转向的发生。前两个部分讨论费孝通晚年谱写的"两篇文章",即小城镇和乡镇企业研究、民族和边区开发研究。在这两个领域的经验研究中,费孝通都遇到了社会学和人类学上的挑战,他发现：乡村工业、民族和边区的发展都不只是经济社会政策的问题,甚至也不是经济和社会结构的问题,而是和其背后"只能意会、不能言传"的心态和文化有关。如何把握这些心态和文化,是本文的第三个部分,即费孝通晚年社会学方法论的主要内容。费先生从英国人类学家Leach因《江村经济》所提出的两个方法论问题入手,在生命的最后十多年里展开了漫长而严谨的反思。反思的结果一方面是对社会学研究方法论的新看法,也是对上述两个经验问题的总回答,另一方面是对"文化自觉"理论的方法论补充。本文的最后一个部分讨论的是费孝通作为一个社会科学家,晚年如何身体力行,在"差序格局"中"推己及人",延续了中国传统文化中以天下为己任的士大夫精神,是为真正的"文化自觉"。     

Positive Identity Experiences of Young Bisexual and Other Nonmonosexual People: A Qualitative Inquiry

The majority of LGBTQ psychological research focuses on dysfunction. The exclusion of strengths-based perspectives in LGBTQ psychology limits the understanding of LGBTQ mental health. In this article we report experiences that young bisexual and other nonmonosexual people perceive as affirming of their sexual identity. A 28-day, daily diary study was used to investigate whether bisexual-identified participants encountered positive experiences related to their sexual identity, and which type of experiences they perceived to be positive. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, participants’ experiences were organized according to a social ecological model. Experiences were reported at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional levels, but most positive sexual identity experiences occurred at the interpersonal level. Implications for positive health outcome research and the integration of positive psychology with LGBTQ psychology are discussed, as well as study limitations.