从马克思主义劳动价值论看科技价值的源泉

从马克思主义劳动价值论的角度看，科技价值的源泉是科技劳动。理论科技成果的价值转移为人类提供了一个“科学价值库”，它是所有从事基础性研究的科学人员高级复杂劳动所创造的剩余价值的总和。科学价值库中的价值是由基础性研究人员的劳动所创造的，并通过历代基础性研究工作的不断进行而得到累加，其价值的转移是借助于技术成果这一中介来完成的，并通过技术成果并入社会生产过程，最终在社会经济系统中得到实现。     

大众文化批评及其价值取向

大众文化--这一原本属少数西方发达国家特有的文化现象，于20世纪90年代在中国异军突起后便迅速壮大为与来自官方的主流文化、来自学界的精英文化并驾齐驱、三足鼎立的社会主干性文化形态。它以各种形式和渠道渗透在社会日常生活中，并成为市民大众不可缺少的生活需求。由于这一现实完全溢出了原有的知识话语系统，应该承认，中国的大众文化研究及批评工作做得还很不够。一些研究者移植和挪用西方文化理论的视角和语言来解释中国的大众文化，同大众文化现实出现了严重错位，不能触及大众文化的实际和真相。因此，作者认为建立起适合于本土的科学的大众文化批评理论势在必行。     

科学哲学的价值论转向--科学进步模式新探

科学进步及其标准问题是20世纪中叶以来科学哲学研究的重点及争论的焦点问题之一.综观现代科学哲学的历史,从逻辑实证主义的"科学→真理"模式到劳丹的"科学→解决问题"模式,尽管反映了对于科学进步问题的认识发展,但均未超出认识论领域,并存在着不可克服的困难;由于它们忽视科学的社会性与实践性,因而无法根本解决科学进步的合理性问题.科学哲学研究从认识论到价值论的转向是一种必然趋势.本文在扩展劳丹"真理与价值相通"思想和发掘法兰克福学派技术批判理论的基础上,提出了以对人类的终极关怀为目标的"科学→价值"模式.     

转向"人"的可持续发展

要实现可持续发展,必须实现主体人的可持续性.我们有必要转换可持续发展研究的视角,把研究的重点从"物"的方面转向"人"的方面."人"的可持续性包括两方面内容一是人应具备可持续发展的能力和素质;二是人的价值取向的革命.前者是人如何获得可持续发展的能力,后者是人如何利用已经获得的发展能力.作者进一步论述了在中国发展人的可持续性的必要性及条件.     

Paying for permanence: Public preferences for contaminated site cleanup

We use conjoint choice questions to investigate the preferences of people in four cities in Italy for income and future/permanent mortality risk reductions delivered by contaminated site remediation policies. The VSL is €5.6 million for an immediate risk reduction. If the risk reduction takes place 20 years from now, the implied VSL is €1.26 million. Respondents’ implicit discount rate is 7%. The VSL depends on respondent characteristics, familiarity with contaminated sites, concern about the health effects of exposure to toxicants, having a family member with cancer, perceived usefulness of public programs and beliefs about the goals of government remediation programs.

Statistical vs. identified lives in benefit-cost analysis

Evaluation of projects that affect mortality risk usually assumes that risk changes are small and similar across individuals. In reality, risks differ among individuals and information about risk heterogeneity determines the extent to which affected lives are “statistical” or “identified” and influences the outcome of benefit-cost analysis (BCA). The effects of information about risk heterogeneity on BCA depend on, inter alia, whether information concerns heterogeneity of baseline or change in risk and whether valuation uses compensating or equivalent variation. BCA does not systematically favor identified over statistical lives. We suggest some political factors that may explain the apparent public bias.

Willingness to pay for mortality risk reductions: Does latency matter?

Using results from two contingent valuation surveys conducted in Canada and the U.S., we explore the effect of a latency period on willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced mortality risk using a structural model. We find that delaying the time at which the risk reduction occurs by 10 to 30 years reduces WTP by more than 60% for respondents in both samples aged 40 to 60 years. The implicit discount rates are equal to 3.0–8.6% for Canada and 1.3–5.6% for the U.S. JEL Classification Q51 · Q58 The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the USEPA or of the World Bank, its Executive Directors or the countries they represent.     

Using value modeling to evaluate social media messages: The case of Hurricane Irene

Emerging technologies, advances in social media, and new communication platforms have transformed how crisis communicators reach their audiences and partner agencies in a variety of situations. Not only do individuals and organizations communicate differently during a crisis, but they are also perceived very differently; social media platforms and messages add to the challenges involved in maintaining the overall reputation of brands and corporations. To better understand the new messaging system and its effects, the researchers analyzed social media crisis messages and messaging theory through various qualitative and quantitative value modeling techniques and generated a simple baseline model for what constitutes a “good” crisis message. Using data collected during Hurricane Irene, the researchers used this baseline model to rank effective and ineffective messages to determine whether the most followed/forwarded messages fit this model, and to identify a set of new best practices for crisis communicators and reputation management monitors using social media platforms.     

SMS与CBA的结合——对新古典环境价值评估方法的修正

新古典价值评估方法CBA(费用效益分析)在环境价值评估中的应用,由于其自身的缺限,严重掩盖和低估了主要的环境生态问题。从可持续发展的角度看,与SMS(最低安全标准)分析相结合的CBA方法是一种更具约束性的价值评估方法。     

城市流动人口的经济贡献量化初探

城市流动人口为城市经济增长做出巨大贡献已经成为不争的事实 ,但有关这一贡献的量化计算仍有待研究。有鉴于此 ,本文将合作博弈中Sharpley值方法引入经济贡献量化计算 ,并结合北京市建筑业外来劳动力数据进行了实证分析 ,研究表明 :流动人口对城市经济增长的贡献可以通过Sharpley值和生产函数方法得到更深刻的验证