The determinants of income mobility of older people in England and South Korea

This paper adopts a longitudinal approach toward examining what lies behind income mobility of older people aged 50 and over in England and aged 45 and over in South Korea over the period between 2006 and 2012, using panel data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). The breakdown of income mobility which takes into account different type of division of the elderly population and income sources are also performed. The findings reveal that income growth has very little impact on aggregate income mobility in England, while it is crucial for the income mobility levels in Korea. There is a great deal of income mobility among single people under the age of 65 in England, while older people who are aged 65 or above and live alone experienced a greater variation in their income over time in Korea. In the case of breakdown of income mobility by income sources, it appears that labor income is the most important determinant of mobility in both countries and income from self‐employment for Korea and income from social transfers in England also plays an important contribution to income mobility.     

英国议会起源再研究

中世纪英国形成了多元化的社会政治结构,为民权的存在和发展提供了宝贵的空间,成为培育议会制度的历史土壤。13世纪贵族限制王权的斗争是议会产生的直接动力,不仅创立了一套独立的议会制度,而且为地方代表出席议会创造了有利条件。地方代表的出席是中世纪议会的重要特征,以自身地位的提高为基础,地方代表在14世纪早期成为议会的固定成员,并拥有了批税权、请愿权等维护自身权利的有力工具,这标志着中世纪议会制度的确立。     

英国中世纪晚期保护主义货币政策及影响

14世纪中叶,随着英国商品经济化进一步发展,面对流通领域资金短缺,以及来自社会各个阶层的恐慌与抱怨,英国政府审时度势,出台了一系列有关货币政策的保护主义法令。这些政策的推行暂时解决了流通领域的货币匮乏问题,拓宽了商品经济发展必需的资金流通渠道;同时,大量增加了金银储备,推动了重商主义在英国的发展,为英国资本主义的发展提供了较充足的资金准备。     

16世纪英国财政政策研究

15世纪末至16世纪,英国兴起了以王权为中心的民族国家,封建君主制向新型君主制转变。新兴王权力量的强弱系于其筹措王室岁入能力的大小。这一时期,英国财政政策致力于追求王室财政独立,实现王室财政收支平衡甚至盈余。但是,王室财政手段落后,财政政策收效甚微,其社会经济后果影响深远。     

中世纪晚期英国农民休闲生活考察

休闲娱乐在中世纪晚期英国农民的日常生活中占据重要地位.由于乡村社会的娱乐活动丰富多样,传统社会时代的英国被人们称为"快乐的英格兰".休闲娱乐作为一种积极的生活方式,既提升了农民的生活质量,又为乡村社会的发展注入了活力.从乡村的礼庆娱乐和宗教节日娱乐两方面进行考察,探讨中世纪晚期英国农民休闲生活状况,可透视英国社会的变迁.     

The declining place of music education in schools in England

This article addresses the provision of music education in schools in England, arguing that access to music education is the right of every child and therefore that a high‐quality and sustained curriculum offer must be provided in all state‐funded schools. Music education in England is widely recognised as being marginalised in state schools, despite it being a statutory requirement as part of the National Curriculum. This policy review examines several threats to music education, such as accountability measures, funding cuts, curriculum narrowing and erosion of the teaching workforce, identifying some of the key evidence in each case.     

The concealed middle? An exploration of ordinary young people and school GCSE subject area attainment

The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is the standard qualification undertaken by pupils in England and Wales at the end of year 11 (age 15–16). GCSEs continue to play an important and central role in young people's educational and employment pathways. Within the sociology of youth, there has been recent interest in documenting the lives and educational experiences of ‘ordinary’ young people. In this paper, we analyse school GCSE attainment at the subject area level. This is an innovative approach and our motivation is to explore substantively interesting patterns of attainment that might be concealed in analyses of overall attainment or attainment within individual subjects. We analyse data from the Youth Cohort Study of England and Wales using a latent variable approach. The modelling process uncovered four distinctive latent educational groups. One latent group is characterised by high levels of overall attainment, whereas another latent group is characterised by poor GCSE performance. There are two latent groups with moderate or ‘middle’ levels of GCSE attainment. These two latent groups have similar levels of agglomerate attainment, but one group performs better in science and the other performs better in arts GCSEs.     

英国中世纪婚姻家庭法评析

英国中世纪婚姻家庭法是教会法、盎格鲁撒克逊法、普通法和衡平法共同作用的结果,它奠定了英国近现代婚姻家庭法的基础,也是英国婚姻家庭法近现代化的障碍。英国中世纪婚姻家庭法形成了自己的特色。     

14世纪早期北意大利和英格兰的城市人口、经济之比较

中世纪北意大利的大城市比英格兰的多,且意大利的城市当局权力较大,城市文化和远程贸易都比英格兰的城市有优势。但意大利的大城市通常从维护自身利益的角度来控制周围小城市和农村,导致大城市的发展限制了小城市的发展,而使城市等级结构不合理。英格兰的小城市和农村较少受到周围大城市的影响,大城市并未对周围小城市和农村的经济构成严重的阻碍,大城市与小城市共同发展,形成了合理的城市分布格局。     

From welfare state to welfare society: toward a viable system of welfare in Japan and England

Laratta R. From welfare state to welfare society: toward a viable system of welfare in Japan and England
Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 131–141 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article compares the impact that public welfare reforms during the 1980s and 1990s had, and are still having, on the relationship between statutory organisations and the non‐profit sector in two developed countries, England and Japan. The author argues that the failure of these reforms clearly shows that, although non‐profit organisations may not be able to effectively replace the state in the provision of welfare services, they can contribute, working closely with the statutory organisations, to the shaping, financing and delivery of public services in a variety of ways. It is also interesting to note that, while the public welfare reforms of the late 1990s in England produced a shift away from a culture based on privatisation and contracting‐out toward a partnership culture of collaboration between state and non‐profit entities, similar reforms in Japan have resulted instead in an uncertain area of deregulation and privatisation.