Friendships and Violent Behavior During Adolescence

This study investigated the extent to which interpersonal processes within male friendships are associated with violent behavior patterns during adolescence. At ages 13-14, 15-16, and 17-18, we observed the participants (206 boys) in our laboratory discussing problem solving situations with a close friend. Although the boys typically brought in different friends for each of the three assessments, we found considerable continuity in the boys' behaviors, most notably in the topics discussed. In particular, the tendency of a dyad to engage in deviant and violent talk was uniquely associated with violence in adolescence, controlling for childhood antisocial behavior and coercive discipline practices in the home. These findings suggest that adolescent violence is embedded within enduring social interactional patterns of friendships, where the faces change but the process remains the same.     

Achieving Shared Meaning in Cross-Cultural Dialogue

Abstract

Based on a qualitative study of the Twin Cities Hmong community, this paper offers a case study of a Hmong family's response to a situation in which a woman who is a member of their family has been chronically physically abused by her husband. The case illustrates the challenges of understanding the family's reactions in light of their cultural context as well as the implications for social work practice. An excerpt of a verbatim interview between the author and a subject from the study is provided. The specifics of the cultural values, protocol for handling conflict and communication patterns that contribute to understanding what has occurred are discussed. The author then discusses the challenges for the social work practitioner of simultaneously maintaining the ethical values of honoring diversity and protection of the oppressed.     

暴力重新犯罪行为特点及成因实证分析

随着社会变革日益深化，犯罪数量不断上升，其中暴力犯罪有加剧的趋势。尤其在2009年，我国暴力犯罪总量经过了几年下降后，突然有所上升，广大公众的社会安全感受到严重威胁。特别是一些重新犯罪人员在暴力犯罪中起到“领头羊”的作用。针对这一社会现象，本文对当前暴力重新犯罪行为特点及形成原因进行了实证研究。     

教派冲突与印度分治

印度分治前后南亚次大陆发生了震惊世界的教族仇杀事件。事件刚刚发生时,便有进步作家进行抨击,后来又有不少作家反思这场灾难的危害。本文选择了前后相隔二十多年的三部作品,简要介绍其内容,分析几部作品的相同点和不同点及造成教族冲突的原因,认为印度分治并非英国殖民者蓄意所为,而是分治之前印度本身的宗教政治因素造成的,因此印度分治造成的教族仇杀是教派冲突之灾。     

Marital Violence: Impact on Children's Emotional Experiences, Emotional Regulation and Behaviors in a Post-Divorce/Separation Situation

This study examined the mediating effects of children's emotional experiences and regulation strategies on the relationship between marital violence and children's behavioral problems following divorce/separation. Findings indicated marital violence as reported by the mothers was associated with children's internalizing problems as measured by the Achenbach Behavior Checklist. Marital violence was also associated with children's reported experience of negative emotions, with sadness and anger emerging as statistical predictors of children's behavioral problems. A weak relationship was found between emotional regulation strategies and children's behavioral problems, with the exception that direct intervention and the range of strategies used by children were positively associated with behavioral problems. Children's reported anger was also found to mediate the relationship between marital violence and children's total behavioral problems. Implications of findings for treatment of children and adolescents from separated, conflicted homes are discussed.     

看客：生命悲剧的隐喻——对鲁迅“看客”的生命解读

"看客"是鲁迅最重要的表现对象之一.鲁迅书写"看客"一方面具有一种清醒的启蒙理性,另一方面又呈现出强烈的生命意识.在鲁迅笔下,"看客"的"看",潜藏着精神暴力欲望,蕴涵着"渴血的欲望".这是鲁迅对生命悲剧的正视,也是对人的巨大悲悯.     

人生的质问——论余华的暴力叙述

余华的小说充斥着大量的血腥和暴力描述,对读者的感官构成了很大的刺激。实际上,在那些暴力血腥和赤裸裸丑恶的外在表象下,是作家对于社会,对于人生,对于生命的探询、质问以及对于美好未来的向往和思索。本文从余华小说暴力描写的表层现象入手,去探究作家创作的深层次的价值和意义,进而重新解读和认识余华的创作。     

‘We Don't Have to Take This’: Zero Tolerance of Violence against Health Care Workers in a Time of Insecurity

Doctors, nurses and other health care workers in the UK are said to be increasingly aware of the ‘risks of the job’ as a result of mounting verbal abuse, threats and assaults from patients and their relatives. In the late 1990s the UK government introduced a policy of ‘zero tolerance’, which it claimed was designed to minimize the risk of such violence. Current policy refers to the need to be tough on offenders and encourage a culture of respect. In this article we review this strategy and the reasons for its introduction and consider some of the potential consequences. The article starts with an account of the policy, the definition of violence that underpins it and how it has been measured, and assesses the evidence regarding prevalence. This is then interpreted in the context of wider policies of zero tolerance to crime, and debates about risk, anxiety and insecurity.     

双重语言暴力下诗性的敞开——阿库乌雾诗歌中话语功能的行使及现代意义

彝汉双语诗人阿库乌雾的生存个体话语诉说功能一＂出场＂,就不仅遭受着现代汉语强度削弱、挤压、排斥与整训,也正与现代汉语一起经受着全球化、规范化、工业化,标准化等权利＂发展＂语言的规训,是一种双重甚至多重＂语言暴力＂。面对这一尴尬处境,诗人通过诗性思维的出场来行使话语功能,在日益失语的处境中进行话语权追寻、把捉,从而实现民族性的超越,语言的超越。以极具代表性的＂第一母语＂的遭遇来昭示着汉语的命运发展,可以为当代汉语生存体系树立一个明确的参照坐标,起到警示性的作用,进而修复主体追逐物化利益中所丧失掉的诗性语言,为实现＂诗意地栖居＂提供可能。     

Burnout, job stress and violent behaviour among Dutch police officers

Much has been published on burnout in the human services. However, despite the extensive literature on job stress in policing, burnout in police officers has rarely been studied. The present study examined stressors in police work, focusing specifically on the lack of reciprocity that officers experience in relations with civilians, colleagues and the police service. It also investigated the relationship between burnout and the attitudes of officers towards violence, as well as to their own use of violence. Dutch police officers (N = 358) completed a self-report questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) organizational stressors were more prevalent than task-related stressors; (2) compared to other service jobs, police officers report a particular profile on the three scales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)?a relatively low level of emotional exhaustion,an average level of depersonalization, and a high level of personal accomplishment; (3) burnout is associated with a lack of reciprocity between investments and outcomes in the relations that officers have with citizens, colleagues and their organization; and (4) burnout is positively related to attitudes towards use of violence and the use of violence during the officers' duty.