P.2979号敦煌文书所反映的唐前期乡里组织

唐代前期,乡里组织作为县以上政权的辅助机构仍然发挥着重要作用,尤其在“上承下达”,直接管理农民,维护乡里社会的安定等方面。然囿于相关史料记载较少,很难考察其具体真实的情况。所幸敦煌文书的出土,弥补了这一遗憾。通过对P.2979号文书的研究,可以发现,唐代前期,乡里组织,尤其是里正,的确在乡里社会的管理中发挥重要作用,而且其与上级官吏、农民以及地方乡绅的关系也具有复杂性与矛盾性的一面。本文再度考察P.2979号敦煌文书,以此增进对其时乡里组织实际运行的认识。     

从赵均刻本编目体例探窥《玉台新咏》古本之遗

本文对《玉台新咏》赵均刻本的编目实况进行细致考察,发现其卷首目录的编辑体例包括[作者名＋诗题或诗类名＋总篇数]和[作者名＋总篇数]两种格式,前者属于中古时期习用的体例,具有相当明显的时代性;其正文编目体例包括“题附辞后”和“题置辞前”两种格式,其中“题附辞后”的编目格式以及双重编目格式并存一书的现象至唐以后已属罕见。较之五云溪馆本和冯班抄本,赵均刻本更多的保留了徐陵旧本原始痕迹,当为目前最可靠的覆宋本。     

军队在"罗马化"过程中的作用

罗马军队是传播罗马文明的重要载体,对推动行省和边界地区的罗马化起到了直接或间接的作用。在此过程中,军队需求成为刺激行省地区经济发展和繁荣的一个重要因素,也是行省和蛮族士兵罗马化的一个重要媒介。在城市化运动中,罗马军队发挥了重要作用。     

国外儿童语言研究综述

国外儿童语言研究源于儿童心理研究,历经了心理学、语言学双重取向的研究和儿童语言研究的独立学科等过程。期间的研究成果丰富,揭示了儿童语言词汇、语法、语义、语用习得和发展的特点。     

How publics’ active and passive communicative behaviors affect their tornado responses: An integration of STOPS and SMCC

During imminent threat crises, such as natural disasters, publics have minutes to decide how to respond after receiving a warning. This study advances understanding of publics’ crisis communicative and noncommunicative behaviors in the context of tornadoes through combining and extending two theories: the social-mediated crisis communication (SMCC) model and the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS). Findings from a survey of Southeast U.S. residents (n = 1,585) indicate that STOPS is internally consistent and accurate at measuring its intended outcomes of communicative action in problem solving. However, the STOPS measures do not have a significant relationship with the desirable outcome for imminent threat crisis communication: individuals following government’s protective action guidance about tornadoes. In comparison, the expanded SMCC model predicts individuals’ self-reported compliance. Finally, variables from the SMCC model and tornado-specific variables were integrated into the STOPS model to explain individuals’ communicative engagement. Implications for theory and public relations practice are discussed.     

Role of Leaders as Agents of Negotiation for Counterbalancing Cultural Dissonance in the Middle East and North Africa Region

This study provides a unique perspective in the field of cross-cultural management by exploring the relationship between “cultural dissonance”—the gap between cultural values and actual practice—and effective leadership attributes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Incorporating cultural dissonance into implicit leadership theory, the study uses measurements of dissonance on nine cultural dimensions to identify particular leadership preferences in seven MENA countries. The overall findings suggest that societies prefer leaders who counterbalance cultural dissonance by allowing space for negotiations by members of society to reduce disparities between cultural values—“the way things should be”—and actual practices—“the way things are.” The greater the disparity between cultural values and practices, the greater the citizens' desire that leaders act as agents of change by creating space for negotiation.