Communicating future water needs to an at-risk population: lessons learned following defeat of the Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project in San Antonio,Texas

San Antonio, Texas, the seventh largest city in the United States, has experienced steady population growth, since the “boom” of the 1960s. Projected water shortages due to this growth were realized as early as the 1970s by city leaders and south-central Texas regional development decision makers. To reduce dependence on the already over-taxed, Edwards aquifer, a solution, the Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project, was developed with wide acceptance by federal, state, and city leaders who regarded the project as a necessary measure for regional growth and development. However, opposition by taxpayer and environmental groups led to referendums of 1991 and 1994 in which voters blocked construction of the dam and reservoir leaving the city with limited options for water provision. This case study investigated the factors which led to a clear mismatch in communication between decision makers—those who were aware of the actual and quantifiable risk to the region in terms of reduced water supplies—and the general public, a population that did not have complete and/or adequate knowledge of their actual risk regarding future water shortages, nor, of solutions being developed, such as the Applewhite project. The findings from this case study indicate that when municipal leadership fails to adequately communicate risk regarding resource shortage to an affected public, as well as, openly planned solutions, that voters are likely to underestimate future impacts of water shortages, heed last-minute opposition, and reject long-standing, publicly proposed projects. The intent of this research is not to support either side in the Applewhite controversy, but to shed perspective on the process of adequately and effectively communicating future water needs to an at-risk population. Decision makers in cities across the United States who are faced with solving problems of limited resources needed by a large populace may be informed by the results of this research.     

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良知是造化的精灵——王阳明良知概念的实体化倾向

王阳明的良知教以人之道德实践作为归宿,即良知作为人先天的道德意识,它是判断一切现实是非善恶的标准,顺良知之发,则一切行为无不合天理,由此王阳明强调“致良知”为学问的主脑工夫。而另一方面,当王阳明的视野从人类社会扩展到整个宇宙时,良知又超越了作为心之本体的存在形式,上而为“造化的精灵”,它“与物无对”,它“生天生帝”,天地万物都以之作为存在的基础与本质,这样在存有论的意义上良知就成为一种实体性的存在。     

论文化全球化背景下民族文化的建设问题

文化全球化背景下,民族文化面临着文化全球化与民族文化的关系问题、外来文化与本土文化的关系问题、强势文化和弱势文化的关系问题、大众文化和精英文化的关系问题等。科学认识和把握文化全球化背景下民族文化建设的关键、民族文化建设的原则、民族文化建设的起点、民族文化建设的契机等,对民族文化建设至关重要。     

审美论-语言论-文化论：新时期30年文论发展轨迹

新时期30年来,经过几代学人的共同努力,文学理论迎来了发展的最好时期。这30年文论的发展轨迹可以粗略概括为：从审美论,到语言论,再到文化论。因此,有必要在审美论、语言论和文化论三元兼摄的“文化诗学”路径中,进一步推动文学理论的研究,使它有更好的发展。     

文化体制改革困境的政治学思考

文化与政治的关联性决定了政治学是审视文化体制的一个重要视角。文化体制改革在取得进展的同时也面临重重困境。文化属性被泛政治意识形态化、政治体制改革的制约、文化权力主体职能的越位与缺位是文化体制改革困境的政治学根源。     

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