The impact of the promise of scholarships and altering school structure on college plans, preparation, and enrollment

The Washington State Achiever (WSA) program was a large-scale educational intervention of scholarships, mentoring, and school redesign designed to encourage students from moderate and low income families to attend college in Washington State. Using a quasi-experimental design based on pre- and post-intervention surveys of high school seniors in program and non-program schools, we find a significant WSA effect on educational outcomes, net of the demographic and socioeconomic composition of students across schools. Across the three intervention high schools, the program is strongly significant in one school, significant after a lag in another school, and not significant in a third. We speculate about the potential reasons for the differential program effect across high schools.     

遵义会议与毛泽东在中央领导地位的确立

长期以来,国内学术界一直把遵义会议作为“在事实上确立了毛泽东为核心的党中央的正确领导”或“确立了毛泽东在中共中央和红军的领导地位”的重要标志。事实上,确立毛泽东在党和红军的领导地位是有一个过程的,是由于特殊的战争环境和毛泽东所处的特殊地位以及拥有的政治资源,在中国共产党的核心层愈来愈具有了影响地位。1935年8月19日,组织上正式确认了毛泽东在党和红军中的领导核心地位。     

The Effect of Forest Management Strategy on Carbon Storage and Revenue in Western Washington: A Probabilistic Simulation of Tradeoffs

The objectives of this study are to understand tradeoffs between forest carbon and timber values, and evaluate the impact of uncertainty in improved forest management (IFM) carbon offset projects to improve forest management decisions. The study uses probabilistic simulation of uncertainty in financial risk for three management scenarios (clearcutting in 45‐ and 65‐year rotations and no harvest) under three carbon price schemes (historic voluntary market prices, cap and trade, and carbon prices set to equal net present value (NPV) from timber‐oriented management). Uncertainty is modeled for value and amount of carbon credits and wood products, the accuracy of forest growth model forecasts, and four other variables relevant to American Carbon Registry methodology. Calculations use forest inventory data from a 1,740 ha forest in western Washington State, using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) growth model. Sensitivity analysis shows that FVS model uncertainty contributes more than 70% to overall NPV variance, followed in importance by variability in inventory sample (3–14%), and short‐term prices for timber products (8%), while variability in carbon credit price has little influence (1.1%). At regional average land‐holding costs, a no‐harvest management scenario would become revenue‐positive at a carbon credit break‐point price of $14.17/Mg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e). IFM carbon projects are associated with a greater chance of both large payouts and large losses to landowners. These results inform policymakers and forest owners of the carbon credit price necessary for IFM approaches to equal or better the business‐as‐usual strategy, while highlighting the magnitude of financial risk and reward through probabilistic simulation.     

记者招待会语言模糊性语用研究*--以美国总统奥巴马答记者问为例

文章选取美国总统奥巴马参加的9次记者招待会答记者问为分析文本和研究对象，以语用学中的合作原则和礼貌原则为基本理论框架，通过定性和定量相结合的研究方法，对答记者问中模糊语言的使用从语用学的角度进行系统阐释，试图说明其在此类文体中起到的作用。     

A model of the inflationary process in six major O.E.C.D. economies: Empirical results and policy implications

In contrast to most recent empirical work on inflation which has concentrated on the size and stability of coefficients in the wage equation, this paper provides a reexamination of the price equation. Evidence is presented on the structural determinants of inflation in six large industrial nations. It is demonstrated that price equations which include capital costs and excess demand among the regressors perform exceedingly well according to the usual statistical criteria. The results of this study indicate that the inflationary process possesses a high degree of uniformity among the larger industrial countries. This pertains not only with respect to the specific independent variables in price equations, but also with respect to the high degree of uniformity of the estimated coefficients. Additionally, the findings indicate that lower productivity growth and higher capital costs have contributed significantly to the inflationary process since 1974. Furthermore, since higher capital costs are one consequence of tighter monetary policies, the adoption of such policies in response to the two oil price shocks of the 1970s may have offset their intended deflationary effects on prices through the linkage of wage costs and aggregate demand.     

Inflation,decimalization and the estimated sizes of coins

Subjects who were asked, in 1976, to estimate the sizes of British coins either under their current names or under their names before decimalization in 1971, gave bigger estimates under the old names. This difference is attributed to the loss of value of the coins since 1971.     

人民政协民主监督的实践成就及发展路径

我国人民政协的民主监督在提高党的执政能力、提高和加强政府和司法部门的工作能力、形成完善人民政协民主监督工作的运作方式、推进现代化建设等方面的实践中取得了系列成就。但也存在一些尚需改进的地方。为此,提出新阶段推进人民政协民主监督工作的路径是：重视与加强党的领导,营造浓厚的协商氛围,继续创新协商民主的实践形式,注重民主监督工作协商成果的实效性,建立健全政协民主监督工作制度的保障、激励机制。     

新时代习近平生态文明思想引领经济现代化

全国生态环境保护大会确立了习近平生态文明思想,它深刻揭示了经济发展和环境保护的辩证统一关系,是新时代中国经济现代化的导航仪、红绿灯。习近平生态文明思想强调"绿色发展是构建高质量现代化经济体系的必然要求",助推高质量发展;坚持"以绿色发展引领乡村振兴",实现农业农村现代化;坚持"以人为本",满足人民群众日益增长的优美生态环境需要。习近平生态文明思想指出"中国是负责任的发展中大国",为世界工业文明转向生态文明贡献中国智慧。     

中国宪法传统中的里程碑

诸多事件的组合以及各种历史片段所形成的力量的斗争与力量的消长,最终促成了1946年政治协商会议的召开。通过对此会议前后所绽出的各历史片段所形成的诸多力量的分析,说明何种力量才是当时国家发展最需要的力量,为什么这一力量所支持的建国模式以及在实践中形成的法律系统与法律传统会继续发展与延续。同时据此指出,面对今天国家的建设与发展,什么才是最合适的方式。