联合国环境大会之绩效评估——兼论后约翰内斯堡时代的环境治理

从"产出"的角度对三次联合国环境大会在全球环境治理进程中的绩效进行评估,认为尽管2002年联合国可持续发展峰会得分最低,但这反应了后约翰内斯堡时代的全球环境治理面临着国际协议落实困难、某些国家政治意愿缺失以及国际社会"绿色疲惫"等状况。     

比较文学的人类学视野——中国比较文学学会第九届年会暨国际学术讨论会文学人类学小组讨论侧记

2008年10月12日，在北京语言大学召开了“中国比较文学学会第九届年会暨国际学术讨论会”。大会在两个方面体现了人类学对比较文学视野的开拓：一、比较文学的人类学转向：跨文化研究中的文化多样性及地方性问题；二、文学人类学的追问：文学的概念和功能究竞是什么？     

国际视角下的中国经济转型:模式、机制与展望

本文在基于已有文献和国际经济转型的实践重新梳理了"二分法"经济转型模式的理论脉络,在这个分析框架下介绍和评述了当前国际转型经济学界对经济转型模式的论争;并根据现有的经济发展理论和中国的事实特征严密地推敲出了在逻辑上依次递进而又相互支撑的经济转型的演进机制;最后在审视中国经济转型现实的基础上,提出了建立"以法治建设为先导、政治文明为目标的市场经济"是我们走向一个好的市场经济的必然选择.     

Developments in and prospects for external debt position and burden of developing countries: The case of Korea

The delay of strong economic recovery by industrialized nations, slowed world export growth, and higher interest rates have worsened the financial situation of a number of developing countries which have relied on external borrowings to sustain current account deficits and protect economic development. Recently, well-publicized concerns over the ability to these countries to repay their considerable debt burden have been raised. To shed light on these concerns, the paper focuses on Korea—one of the heavier debt-holding countries. It describes the process through which Korea has acquired its external debt over the past decade, assesses the trends in its debt burden, and presents prospects for the period 1982–1986. Using the Korean experience, the paper shows that the most common indicators used for evaluating foreign debt burden, such as the long-term service ratio, need to be supplemented by other measurements. In a world economy characterized by short-term debts with variable interest rates, the paper suggests that an important tool in analyzing the external debt burden should be the short-term debt burden.     

多哈世界气候大会成果及其影响

多哈世界气候大会通过了“多哈气候之路”,延续了《京都议定书》,维护了《联合国气候变化框架公约》的原则,包括共同但有区别的责任原则,启动了新一轮谈判以便制定2020年后全球温室气体减排框架,初步描绘了全球保护气候长期安排路径。多哈会议成果及其最终可能形成的长期国际气候变化制度安排,将对未来碳市场、全球经济及社会发展带来深刻的影响。长期来看,多哈会议成果对中国既有正面作用,也有负面影响。我国应积极参与应对气候变化。     

努力扩大政协影响力

党的十八大首次提出了健全社会主义协商民主制度的科学命题,明确了人民政协在推进社会主义协商民主的主渠道地位和作用。充分发挥人民政协协商民主的主渠道作用,必然要求进一步扩大人民政协的影响力。根据人民政协的整体情况,尤其是市州以下政协组织的情况,扩大其在人民群众中的影响力,必须着力解决好一些政协组织不敢发声、不善发声、不能发声、不会发声的问题。当前各级政协组织和广大政协委员,要从加强中国特色民主政治建设和发展社会主义协商民主的高度,深刻把握中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度的内涵和实质,去掉各种思想杂念,发扬民主,勇于发声,发出好声,为民发声,扩大声音。     

Causes of worker burnout

This research reports on a survey conducted with 183 protective service workers in the state of Michigan. These practitioners listed 166 separate statements representing primary dissatisfactions or frustrations with being a child protective caseworker. Such dissatisfaction was assumed to underly the various dimensions of burnout. The statements were collated and synthesized through a version of the constant comparative method which resulted in three basic categories reflecting perceived causes of burnout: (a) overloaded responsibility, (b) lack of recognition, and (c) poor communication. The three categories are interrelated and together they point to workers' dissatisfaction with their supervisors as one of the major sources of burnout. The paper also includes a brief discussion of four ways to reduce or prevent worker burnout: reduce the client-to-staff ratio, shorten the number of work hours, change the function of staff meeting, and provide in-service training.     

A model of price and quantity adjustments in primary commodity markets

This paper presents a dynamic, simultaneous model of price and quantity adjustments in world primary commodity markets. The model is formulated in a disequilibrium framework, emphasizing particularly the role of price adjustment. In addition to the price equation, commodity consumption and production equations are also specified. The empirical analysis of the model is carried out with the annual data of six primary commodities: coffee, cocoa, rubber, copper, tin, and sugar. This includes the estimation of price, consumption, production equations, the simulation tests of complete structural models for these six commodities, and the derivation of dynamic responses (measured by elasticities) of commodity prices to changes in world income, world inflation, and commodity outputs. Dynamic simulations strongly confirm the commonly observed self-generating and recurring boom-and-bust cycles of primary commodity prices. This finding lends credibility to the models constructed.     

Effects of fiscal policy on the U.S. economy: Empirical estimates of crowding out

This study examines the short-and intermediate-run effects of a permanent reduction in U.S. personal income taxes on interest rates, output, prices, exchange rates, and the current account, holding government spending and money growth fixed. The theoretical analysis suggests that interest rates and domestic consumption will rise but that net exports and interest-sensitive expenditures will fall. Also, the foreign currency value of the dollar will rise except possibly when output increases due to positive supply-side effects or to elimination of unemployment. These theoretical conclusions are essentially confirmed by simulations using the Federal Reserve Board's MPS quarterly econometric model and its multicountry model.