The optimal treatment approach to needs assessment

This paper describes a needs assessment technique which has not been considered in previous discussions. Basically the Optimal Treatment approach to needs assessment consists of comparing the most desirable set of services for a client with the services actually recommended or received. Discrepancies due to unavailable resources are noted and aggregated across clients. Systematic shortcomings may be taken to represent service needs.The advantages and disadvantages of this and other procedures are considered, especially with respect to political factors and the utility of data for planning and decision making in the local agency context.     

Computer simulation of adult sentencing proposals

Several legislative proposals have been introduced in the State of Washington which would alter sentencing procedures for adults convicted of felonies. A major policy concern is the degree to which such new legislation would impact population levels in an already overcrowded prison system. The Sentencing Alternatives Impact Simulation Project developed a series of computer simulation programs to model the sentencing proposals. Results of the simulations were made available to the Legislature and to planners for Adult Corrections. This article describes the major model developed, the data required to run it, and the results obtained from it under a variety of hypothetical conditions. It includes a discussion of the level of utilization made of the results, and some comments on the requirements for maximizing utilization in future simulation projects.     

The World Bank model for global interdependence: A quantitative framework for the World Development Report

This paper describes the basic structure of the Global Model used in preparing various parts of the World Development Report (WDR) issued annually by the World Bank. The report is designed to help clarify linkages between the international economy and the domestic strategies of developing countries. The paper is divided in four parts. The first two present different aspects of the model structure and discuss the reasons that induced the authors to orient themselves towards given functional specifications. In the final parts the policy relevance of the exercise is studied in light of the results that the model has produced for 1975–1985.     

Responding to economic change in remote, rural regions: federal installations in Idaho and Washington

The federal government's massive spending on nuclear weapons materials and research generated tens of thousands of jobs and pumped billions of dollars into a small number of regions during the 1940s and 1950s. This concentration of financial and physical resources caused the almost overnight formation of small urban centers in what formerly had been remote, rural areas, and made the economies of the regions that surround the two physically largest sites at Hanford and INEEL heavily dependent on nuclear-related government funding. With the end of the Cold War and global agreement to reduce nuclear arsenals, most of these facilities have been made obsolete. More than 10,000 jobs have been recently eliminated and thousands more were lost at private companies providing support services to these facilities and the displaced workers and their families. Further reductions will likely occur within the next 7–10 years. Our research looked at how local leaders in the still largely rural regions surrounding these two Department of Energy (DOE) sites responded to these economic changes, how have the communities reacted to the likelihood that these facilities would never again be a significant economic engine for the region, and what actions are being taken to reduce the impact of significant DOE cutbacks expected in the future? The results raise critical questions regarding the long-term economic future of the two regions and whether a more aggressive multi-faceted effort is required to stave off a long-term decline.     

遵义会议与党内民主

遵义会议是中国共产党正确解决党内矛盾和斗争的成功范例 ,是充分发扬党内民主的光辉典范。在这次会议上 ,党员的民主权利得到了充分保障 ,党的民主集中制得到了具体体现 ,党的集体领导体制得以最终确立 ,不同政见者的意见得到尊重和保护。遵义会议成功地实现了党内民主 ,党内民主又促进了党和人民事业的蓬勃发展。在新的世纪里 ,要实现国家的富强和民族的复兴 ,应继续大力发展这种党内民主和人民民主。     

The effects of labor market segmentation on economic resources in retirement

Longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to explore the determinants of economic resource levels among recently retired workers. Three income determination models are used to examine significant predictors of economic status using a broad measure of economic well being that includes both retirement income and wealth. Findings indicate that variables used in status attainment, human capital, and labor market segmentation models explain substantial amounts of variance. Applying these models to the longitudinal data provide suggestive information about the crucial life-span characteristics and circumstances that determine economic status as workers enter retirement.     

关于取消北宁路驻兵权及收回兵营交涉的述评

190 1年 ,列强与清政府签订《辛丑条约》 ,取得了在北宁路沿线自北京至山海关 1 2处驻兵及建造兵营的权利。这一规定是对中国主权的严重侵犯和践踏。为了取消列强在北宁路的驻兵权和收回兵营 ,中国人民进行了长期不懈的斗争 ,并于 1 94 3年取消列强在华驻兵权 ,于新中国成立后收回兵营。列强在北宁线驻兵权及兵营的消亡从一个侧面反映了其在华势力由盛转衰直至最后消亡的历史过程     

An evaluation case: The implementation and evaluation of a problem-solving training program for adolescents

This study recounts the implementation and evaluation of a problem-solving skills training program for adolescents. Sixty-six students from the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades of a local junior high school were identified by guidance counselors as needing problem-solving training—48 male and 18 female students between the ages of 11 and 16. The hypothesis that students included in the training sessions would demonstrate better problem-solving skills, a more internal locus of control, and a higher level of self-esteem than control group students was tested via a pretest-posttest Control Group Design. The results of a stepwise discriminant analysis of the data supported the hypothesis. An analysis of grade level differences indicated that the program had less effect on the seventh-grade training group. Implications for program modification and the limitations of the evaluation findings are discussed.     

凡尔赛-华盛顿体系与中国外交方略的转变

在第一次世界大战后建立的凡尔赛—华盛顿体系中,中国的外交方略发生了重要转变。巴黎和会期间,中国就山东问题据理力争,将“以夷制夷”为基础的既定方略转变为诉诸国际法进行抗争;华盛顿会议期间,中国又通过主动参与国际条约体系、运用国际法准则制衡列强的方略,维护了国家的主权和利益。以这两次重要的国际会议为起点,中国外交开始与现代国际政治逐步接轨。     

谈中国公司股东会制度之完善

基于立法理念上的偏差 ,我国现行的公司股东会制度有很多缺陷有待纠正。在股东会的召开方面 ,应当完善股东会的出席者、会议的召集、临时会议的召开时间、会议通知和议事日程等方面的规定 ,并做出一些有利于保护小股东利益的规定 ;在股东会的表决和决议方面 ,应当完善有关代理投票权、通过决议的表决权数、对违法决议的救济措施等方面的规定 ;在维护职工利益方面 ,应当设计一套职工持股的机制 ;在股东的诉权方面 ,应当就股东诉讼的适用范围、针对的对象、起诉条件、诉讼请求、特殊的程序及股东代表诉讼等问题做出合理的规定