Resistance,Ritual Purification and Mediation: Tracing a Dayak Community's Sixteen-Year Search for Justice in East Kalimantan

In recent discussions on access to justice in Indonesia, little work has been done that illuminates the processes of conflict which inevitably arise in attempts to obtain justice based on informal actions and results, rather than on recourse to institutions. While many scholars and donor agencies tend to create the impression that non-institutional processes of justice-seeking are entirely unpredictable or ungoverned by regularities, in this article I seek to fill this gap by exploring patterns of conflict in East Kalimantan that are associated with Amartya Sen's realisation approach to justice-seeking. I will look into a conflict between a group of Dayak villagers and an oil palm company in East Kalimantan which started sixteen years ago with the establishment of three oil palm estates on customary land, causing complex changes to local people's lives as well as several injustices. The villagers pursued a variety of strategies to gain redress, which I describe as active resistance, ritual purification and mediation. In the analysis I draw upon Turner's concept of social dramas. I show that considering the long-lasting conflict in East Kalimantan as social drama helps to refine socio-legal approaches to conflict and access to justice as processual. The article will contribute to models of justice-seeking that can be associated with Amartya Sen's model of justice as realisational.     

Between Land Grabbing and Farmers' Benefits: Land Transfers in West Kalimantan,Indonesia

Rapid growth of oil palm cultivation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia has increased both the pace and size of land transfers from farmers to big companies and city-based investors. This process has been widely conceptualised as ‘top-down land grabbing’ but this perspective largely neglects the agency of the farmers. This paper seeks to shed light on the agency of farmers with respect to how they respond to land transfer schemes. Through a study of land transfers under nucleus estate schemes (NES), schemes that were introduced by the Indonesian government in which smallholding farms are integrated parts of a modern, large size plantation company, we will show that agrarian dynamics are shaped by notions of what is ‘fair’ and ‘just’.     

论确定有效运移系统及超压项界的重要意义

应用数值模拟和求解运移方程在研究油气运移方面取得了巨大进展。而其中最重要点在于划分有效运移系统(x、y、z、t);超压顶界可以作为z、t的参考值。文中并对“差异聚集”和“区域水动力系统”等概念提出了质疑。     

Shifts in modes of governance and sustainable development in the Brazilian oil sector

This article discusses shifts in modes of governance in the Brazilian oil sector over a 60-year period. On the basis of Driessen et al.'s (2012) framework, we discuss the impact of these shifts on sustainable development. Our results suggest that changes in modes of governance were driven by regulation and mostly associated with shifts in both actors and institutional features but that the underlying rationale of prioritising economic outcomes remained unaffected. The results also confirm that a central governance structure remained in place over time and co-existed in different modes of governance. Petrobras was the backbone of this structure and instrumental in empowering and disempowering non-state actors. This article stresses that a mode of governance furthering sustainable development should promote interactions of large numbers of actors and may require active participation of Petrobras to encourage rationales that support improvements in social and environmental domains.     

Poetics of cartography: globalism and the “oil enclave” in Ibiwari Ikiriko’s Oily Tears of the Delta

This paper examines the ways in which ideas and discourses generated by global phenomena (such as the Oil Encounter) travel and get reframed in local topographies. It asks how one might reposition hermeneutics appropriate to a particular context without falling into the trap of an epistemology that is purportedly global but representing other interests? The environment in which crude oil is extracted has been termed heterogeneous and international. Amitav Ghosh describes it as one that is “lacking in a sense of place,” while James Ferguson considers it an “insular and socially thin neoliberal landscape of deregulated enterprises.” This paper goes against the grain by challenging the formations that undergird some of these assumptions. It takes the Niger Delta as a landscape in which quotidian life and the oil infrastructure are intimately intertwined and asks what insights might literary depictions of this context give about the form of globalism that operates within the industrial complex through which oil is extracted. Reading Ibiwari Ikiriko’s poetry collection Oily Tears of the Delta, the paper reflects on how the text stages a dialogue with the global by addressing itself to the oil infrastructure in that environment. It discusses Ikiriko’s poetry as one that encourages the reader to think about locality and geopolitics as possible sites of conflict, as sites of understanding power and the kinds of agency that they enable in the environments where oil is extracted to feed global consumption.     

中国对苏丹的石油外交:政企角色研究

中石油—苏丹项目作为当代中国石油外交的开山之作,在取得较大成功的同时也在国际社会上引发了不小争论,特別是中石油的国企身份使人们对其海外行为与政府意志之间的关系充满了种种猜测。基于此,本文选取政企角色作为研究视角,旨在探讨中国对苏丹石油外交中政府与中石油这一国有能源企业之间的角色关系,及其中国对苏石油外交绩效的影响与成因等。     

蓬莱19-3溢油事件中渔民环境抗争的路径分析

基于行动者的角色扮演及其互动关系,本文比较分析了蓬莱19-3溢油事件中渔民环境抗争的理想路径与现实路径.研究发现,在理想路径中,作为公共利益的维护者和权责裁定者,以国家海洋局和地方海事法院等为代表的公诉方的公正是渔民维权实现的核心;但在现实路径中,责任方的强势自我认定和公诉方的执法角色失位是渔民环境抗争受阻的双重阻碍.渔民环境抗争实现的理想路径构建,关键在于建立和完善确保公诉方公正执法、责任方依法履责和中立方客观中立相关的制度法规及其社会环境.     

消费者对转基因食用油的认知和购买行为分析———基于无锡市消费者的调查数据

文章以无锡市348名消费者的调查数据为依据,分析消费者对转基因食用油的认知水平,并通过构建Logistic回归模型,分析影响消费者对转基因食用油购买行为的主要因素。调查结果表明,44％的消费者对是否购买转基因食用油持否定态度。在对影响转基因食用油购买行为的因素分析中,性别、收入、受教育程度、家中是否有未成年人等变量均影响了消费者对转基因食用油的购买行为,其中以月人均收入相关性最为显著。     

对素描的一些认识与看法

素描被认为是一切造型艺术的基础,然而对于现代艺术的发展而言,素描不再有其基础作用。所以,就有了后一种说法“素描是写实艺术的基础”,作者同意后一种说法。而且,认为对于现在学院的素描教育来说,也不能同时进行同一的严格的素描训练,应该因专业而异进行侧重点不同的素描训练。同时作为一名学习油画的研究生,重点阐述素描对于油画专业学生的基础作用。     

粘弹性流体驱替残余油微观力计算

为进一步探索聚合物的弹性对残余油的驱替机理， 选取上随体 Maxwell 本构方程， 建立粘弹性流体在微孔道中的流动方程。在应力张量理论基础上， 计算作用在残余油膜上的水平偏应力差。分析、 对比不同流变性流体、 油膜宽度及压力梯度对作用在残余油膜上的水平偏应力差的影响。结果表明： 在油田生产实际平均压力梯度为 0.02 MPa/m 的情况下， 水、 幂律流体 （ n = 0.6 ） 、 粘弹性流体 （ We= 0.3） 三者作用于残余油膜上的水平偏应力差的比值约为 1：10：25， 即粘弹性流体 （ We= 0.3） 驱油时对油膜的驱动力大约是水驱的25 倍。进一步从理论上证明了粘弹性流体能够提高微观驱油效率这一结论。