Diabetes education program for people with type 2 diabetes: An international perspective

BackgroundIn the Palestinian community, lifestyle changes, rapid urbanization and socioeconomic development, stress, smoking, and changes in food habits has increased the risk of non-communicable diseases especially diabetes mellitus. Diabetes complications can be prevented if the glycemic status of patients with diabetes is maintained within a nearly normal range. Therefore, patient education is critical in controlling blood glucose levels within the normal range.ObjectiveThis study aimed at measuring the effect of diabetes educational intervention program for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes attending the Diabetes Clinic in Tulkarim Directorate of Health.MethodsA short duration observational study involving pre- and post-test educational intervention program was carried out on a relatively small number of type 2 diabetes patients at the Diabetes Clinic in Tulkarim Directorate of Health. In total, 215 patients attended a group-based 4 h educational intervention session about diabetes. The program included explaining diabetes mellitus-symptoms, risk factors, types, treatment and complications and main aspects of self-care of the disease (foot care, eye care, and blood glucose monitoring), main aspects of dietary management, weight reduction, blood pressure, smoking cessation, periodic investigations, home monitoring and importance of physical activity. Knowledge evaluation questionnaire were evaluated pre- and post-study. Anthropometric measurements such as body weight (WT), body mass index (BMI) and laboratory tests such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), cholesterol (Chol), and triglycerides (TG) were measured both at the beginning and at the end of the study. Significance of the results was assessed by paired t-test at 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe participant’s mean age was 51.07 that ranged between 31 and 70 years. For a total of 215 participants, 41.4% were males and 58.6% were females. The mean weight before educational intervention was 80.81 ± 14.95 kg (82.6 kg for males and 79.5 kg for females) that decreased to 78.9 ± 14.33 kg (81.1 kg for males and 77.3 kg for females) after educational intervention program. The BMI also decreased significantly after educational intervention. The mean fasting blood sugar was 188.65 ± 71.45 mg/dL before educational intervention that decreased to 177.7 ± 66.11 mg/dL after the educational intervention (p = 0.049). The mean glycosylated hemoglobin was 8.57 ± 1.21 before educational intervention that decreased to 7.95 ± 1.42 after educational intervention. The mean value of cholesterol before educational intervention was 183.27 ± 37.74 mg/dL that decreased to 169.57 ± 34.23 mg/dL after educational intervention. The mean triglycerides value decreased after educational intervention from 209.85 ± 171.04 mg/dL to 183.28 ± 152.4 mg/dL (p = 0.025). The mean score of knowledge questionnaire before educational intervention was 60.6 ± 20.65 that increased to 78.1 ± 13.4 after conducting educational intervention.ConclusionsDiabetes education was found to be effective on BMI, FBG, HbA1c, Chol, TG, and knowledge.RecommendationsDiabetes education is a cornerstone in the management and care of diabetes and should be an integral part of health planning involving patient’s family, diabetes care team, community, and decision makers in the education process.     

论WTO《SPS协定》“适用地区”条款及我国的对策

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传染病疫情"吹哨人"制度构建研究

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的暴发,凸显出构建传染病疫情“吹哨人”制度的迫切。构建该制度具有重要意义,有利于完善卫生防控法治体系,有利于传染病早期防控和保护吹哨人权利。构建制度应考虑吹哨人的道德风险、权利和义务,以及现有法律制度的衔接与协调,文章以此提出具体制度规则。     

概述我国古代先贤对职业病的认识及其防治

以我国古代典籍所载的史料为依据 ,汇集了先贤们对职业病的认识及其相应采取的行之有效的防治之法 ,说明在职业病领域 ,我国传统医学亦取得了一定的历史性成果。这必将为我们今天发掘职业病防治的精粹 ,开拓中医药防治职业病的新局面提供有益的启迪     

大学生心理健康状况分析及解决方法

对大学生心理健康问题的讨论正在不断升温,大学生心理健康受到了各界人士的高度重视。作者从大学生的学业、人际交往和就业三个方面具体阐述了在大学生中存在的心理健康问题,并从加强人生观教育,加强自我认识,开设心理健康教育,建立心理咨询体系,提高心理健康教育人员素质,建立社会、家庭和学校一体的教育环境六个方面提出了解决方法。高等学校应把心理健康教育作为大学生思想教育的重要内容,要充分体现"以人为本"的思想,要以"八荣八耻"和科学发展观的理论来指导大学生的心理成长。虽然此项任务繁重,但是通过共同努力,一定会培养出学业优异、身心健康的和德智体全面发展的社会主义接班人。     

云南沧源佤族的灵魂观与病患观探析

佤族的灵魂观是佤族的意识形态和精神世界,对佤族社会文化的各个方面都有重要影响。佤族的病患观衍生于佤族的灵魂观,是佤族灵魂观的延伸,与灵魂信仰有着极为密切的关系。佤族的病患观决定着佤族人民对疾病的治疗态度、治疗方式和治疗结果。     

Discount rates and risky sexual behaviors among teenagers and young adults

This article examines the relationship between personal discount rates and sexual behaviors in a sample of teenagers and young adults. We find that higher discount rates (an indication of less willingness to forego current consumption for future consumption) are significantly associated with a range of sexual behaviors, including ever having sex, having sex before age 16 years, and past or current pregnancy. These associations are consistent with previous studies showing a link between discounting and other, non-sexual health behaviors. JEL Classification D80 · D90 · I10     

抗战时期国民政府对民众疾病的医药救济——以四川省为中心的考察

从政府政策定位和收费情况来看,抗战时期公立卫生机构开展的疾病治疗是一种政府补贴性质的福利医疗,与私立诊所和医院营利性质的医疗活动有本质的区别。在公共卫生事业初创时期,疾病治疗具有让民众尽快认识、信仰卫生工作的独特作用。尽管战时四川公共卫生机构在民众疾病治疗方面做了大量的工作,但受制于多种客观历史条件和抗战这一大的政治环境的制约,战时民众疾病治疗还远远不能满足社会和民众的需要。     

浅谈战争在明清江南温病学派发展中的作用

战争作为一种社会因素影响着医学的发展。明清时期 ,阶级矛盾激化导致农民起义和市民斗争不断发生 ,在清代 ,还加上一系列的外来侵略战争。战争中人口密集的军队本身就是疫病的高发处 ,而部队的行军和由此引起的人口南移更把传染源带至所过之处。而因人口南移导致的江南人口剧增 ,为疫病的高发和迅速广泛的传播的必要条件。另一方面 ,由此带来的江南的繁荣 ,也为医学和文化的传播和发展提供物质基础     

陕北燎百病风俗的地域含义探析

岁时风俗是一种现实的民俗文化现象,同时也是历史文化现象的积淀,产生于特定的地理环境之中。陕北地处黄土高原地区农牧交错地带,历史上先后在这里生活过的民族众多,相互交流,故其燎百病风俗深受汉族农耕文化和北方游牧文化的影响,包含着鲜明的农本价值指向和强烈的除病驱邪作用。