上消化道疾病人工智能辅助决策方法研究

在基于电子胃镜影像的上消化道疾病智能辅助决策过程中,现有的方法较少涉及胃镜图像的可疑病灶定位和细粒度分类,且服务延迟较高。此外,这类方法所采用的传统数据扩充方法更进一步的降低了辅助决策方法的实际性能。因此本文提出了基于电子胃镜影像的上消化道疾病智能辅助诊断框架,首先使用条件对抗生成网络实现原始胃镜图像数据增强,然后设计k-Lconv模块,在此基础上开发上消化道病灶检测方法Lconv-YOLO,并利用来自某三甲医院真实的临床数据进行方法验证。实验结果表明,相比同类方法,本方法能够有效提高上消化道疾病推断的平均精度和病灶定位精度。本方法将平均检测一帧胃镜视频的时间缩短至6.73ms,敏感性和特异性分别达到79.39%和87.94%。满足电子胃镜检查过程中的视频帧实时高精度辅助诊断决策。     

论传播性病罪的几个问题

被称为世纪绝症的艾滋病等性传播疾病正在极大地危害着国际社会。迄今为止 ,全世界已有 2 10多个国家和地区的数千万人感染了艾滋病毒 ,死于艾滋病的已多达 1880余万人。梅毒等性病在一些国家也来势凶猛 ,防范迫在眉睫。然而 ,国际社会对传播性病罪的预防和惩治还很不得力。应当尽快通过缔结国际公约 ,使世界各国共同协作预防和惩治传播性病罪。     

对"SARS"疫灾的理性审视

“SARS”———这一传染性极强的突发疾病挟死亡阴影煽动起的恐慌 ,借助最先进发达的信息传布网络 ,在虚拟和现实的两度空间不断地相互映射、碰撞、放大 ,弥散……疫灾不仅影响市场秩序 ,也影响人们的日常生活和社会的稳定。在经历这场疫灾之后 ,政府、民众必须以理性的心态对其加以审视。     

Risk level assessment and occupational health insurance expenditure: a gender imbalance

It is tested whether occupational risk explains differences in reimbursements from occupational-injury insurance schemes in relation to socioeconomic differences in all municipalities in Stockholm county, Sweden. An occupational risk level is formed, which considered the proportions of workers in various industrial sectors and the probability of a worker being injured in each. A regression analysis is performed, treating socioeconomic condition and risk level as predictors of reimbursement. After controlling for variation in socioeconomic factors, occupational-risk level explains the pattern of payments to men but not to women. From a gender perspective, it can be concluded that women, as a group, are not compensated for their occupational risks to the same extent as men.     

胆固醇代谢紊乱及其相关疾病的研究进展

胆固醇是生命活动必不可少的脂类物质,胆固醇浓度过高或者过低均对人体有害。但由体内胆固醇水平过高引起高胆固醇血症,是导致动脉粥样硬化、脑中风和冠心病的重要危险因素之一。人体内胆固醇有两种来源:以乙酰辅酶A为原料从头合成,或者通过小肠从食物中吸收。现今,过量的胆固醇摄取是引起高胆固醇血症的重要原因。胆固醇在小肠中的吸收是一个复杂的、多步骤的连续分解、转运以及重新酯化的过程。其中Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1)蛋白介导肠道中胆固醇进入血液,是胆固醇吸收的限速步骤。胆固醇转运蛋白(CETP)介导血浆脂蛋白之间胆固醇的转运,在胆固醇逆转运过程中发挥关键作用。研究表明抑制外源性胆固醇的吸收和转运能够较好地降低血液中胆固醇的浓度,有效预防和降低心血管疾病的发生。本文重点总结了胆固醇代谢紊乱的相关疾病和肠道胆固醇吸收的分子途径、调控机制、药物研发现状。     

曼性病防治中的政府责任研究——基于新公共服务理论视角

从历史性和现实性的角度，分析我国慢性病流行的现状和造成这一现实存在的主要因素，并结合新公共服务的理论核心，探索以政府主导、部门合作、社会参与的防治慢性病的合理模式和有效手段，为我国政府在慢性病防治中的责任建构提出进一步的依据和建议。     

The ‘black spot’ on the Crimea: venereal diseases in the Black Sea fleet in the 1920s

This article examines how high command in the Soviet Red Navy responded to reportedly high levels of venereal diseases in the Black Sea fleet in the mid-1920s. Illness in the fleet posed a threat to national security, especially during the first unstable decade of the Soviet Union’s existence. Naval command and the municipal authorities of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Crimean ASSR) targeted three main points for reform: the source of infection, those who became infected, and the urban space of Sevastopol. The majority of studies of venereal diseases in military populations have been situated within wartime, whereas this article explores the construction of disease during peacetime to interrogate how the naval and municipal authorities in the Black Sea justified intervention into the private, and intimate, lives of sailors and the wider population.     

榆林市粉尘污染与尘肺防治分析

讨论了榆林市粉尘污染与尘肺防治现状,分析并提出了相应的治理与防治对策。     

“312“经络锻炼法对中老年高脂血症疗效和相关机理的研究

目的探讨“312”经络锻炼法对高脂血症(高脂蛋白血症)的疗效和相关作用机理。方法 30例高脂血症患者坚持“312”经络锻炼法(简称“312”),于“312”前及后1、3、6个月,定期追踪其症状、血压、血脂等指标的变化,观察比较, 分析总结。结果①血脂:30例高脂血症患者其血脂各项指标于“312”锻炼后3、 6mon与“312”前比较均有显著性差异,(P<0．01):②临床疗效:其症状、体征、血压等临床疗效亦相应地有明显好转。“312”3、6mon后显效率各分别为47％、60％, 减轻率43％、37％,无效率10％、3％。结论①“312”能有效地降血脂,长期坚持“312”对高脂血症具有显著疗效。②“312”具有简、便、廉、验的特点,无任何副作用,应大力普及推广,尤其在农村。     

Circadian rhythm of hot flashes and activity levels among prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy

Abstract

Background: Modifiable risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). We aimed to compare the knowledge about the contribution of modifiable risk factors to the pathogenesis of CVD and ED. The impact of patients’ having modifiable risk factors on the awareness of their negative influence on the development of CVD and ED was examined.

Methods: To this multicenter cohort study, we included 417 patients with CHD who had been hospitalized in the cardiology or cardiac surgery department during the previous six weeks and underwent cardiac rehabilitation in one of the five centers. Knowledge about modifiable risk factors was collected. ED was assessed by an abridged IIEF-5 questionnaire. Comparisons between groups were conducted using the Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Relationships were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results: The mean number of correctly identified risk factors for CVD was significantly higher than those for ED (3.71?±?1.87 vs. 2.00?±?1.94; p?<?.0001). Smoking was the most recognized risk factor both for CVD and ED. Dyslipidemia was least frequently identified as a risk factor for CVD. Sedentary lifestyle was the only risk factor whose incidence did not affect the level of patient knowledge.

Conclusions: Cardiac patients with ED know more about risk factors for CVD than ED. It is necessary to include information about the negative impact of modifiable risk factors on sexual health into education programs promoting healthy lifestyles in men with cardiovascular diseases.