正式社会控制为何失败? ———对云南平县拐卖妇女现象的田野调查

通过对平县的实地调查,发现大量的妇女流动伴生了拐卖妇女现象。研究表明,国家的正式社会控制在面对大量的拐卖妇女问题时是无力的,民间的非正式社会控制也是衰弱的。这是因为社会的结构性紧张以及一些存在缺陷的国家制度导致了拐卖妇女这一大规模越轨行为的发生,并制约着社会控制的运作。这一个案说明运动式或执法式的正式社会控制无力消除基于社会的结构性紧张产生出的大规模越轨,面对大量的越轨需要考虑的是调整政策和法律,建构均衡、和谐的社会结构,而不是简单强调对现有政策、法律的实施。     

美人闺房愁绝——唐五代词“男子而作闺音”范式

田同之以“男子而作闺音”论词,准确地把握了词最为范式化的特质。花间、南唐词人,在创作中大都“遵循一种惯例性的艺术表现范型”,即“男子而作闺音”范式。这种范式由温庭筠开创,为花间、南唐词人所强制乃至发展和深化。     

古罗马妇女的家庭责任感

古罗马后期,妇女虽然可以参与社会政治生活,但她们的主要活动空间还是家庭。随着妇女地位的提高,她们的家庭责任感更加强烈,并努力提高自己在家庭中的地位,甚至追求更大的权力。     

Employment motivations of farm spouses

In the study reported here, reasons for working off the farm and reasons for not working off the farm are examined as a function of gender and socioeconomic characteristics. Women are significantly less likely than men to work off the farm to supplement farm income, and significantly more likely to work off the farm for personal reasons. A logistic regression analysis finds that men, those employed fulltime off the farm, and those with lower household incomes are most likely to cite economic reasons for working off the farm. Men are nearly twice as likely as women to cite time constraints as the primary reason for not working off the farm, while only women cite family responsibilities. Logistic regression reveals that men, those with higher household incomes, and those with livestock operations are most likely to cite lack of time as the primary reason for not working off the farm.Patricia J. Wozniak is Associate Professor in the Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. Her research interests include family life and family economics, as well as the application of statistics to the social sciences. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee.Kathleen K. Scholl is Senior Coordinator of the Economics Team of the Public Policy Institute at the American Association of Retired Persons, 1909 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20049. She received her Ph.D. from Purdue University.     

企业所有者的女企业家和企业雇佣管理的女职业经理人比较研究——珠江三角洲地区女私营企业家群体分析

珠江三角洲地区的女私营企业家由两大部分组成:企业所有者的女企业家和被雇佣的女职业经理人。她们虽然在人力资本、家庭背景、关系网络、管理企业的规模、职务年薪等方面存在区别,但在闲暇生活、生活价值、工作态度、政治待遇等方面具有一致性。她们在本质上属于同一阶层,国家应该在政策、制度和技术等方面为女私营企业家的成长和壮大创造条件和机会。     

Job creation: New work for women?

The movement of some women into self employment is considered in this paper. It is argued that if this movement is to be successful, and thus have any influence on the equality of employment opportunities, then it is necessary for the business ventures involved to be run strategically rather than operationally. It is also argued that there must be greater scope and encouragement for innovation in this area, otherwise there is a danger of mirroring, in new business formation, the structure of inequality that applies to the formal, and declining, structure of current employment. Finally, the paper examines the need for women's entrepreneurial ventures to be better accepted by and integrated into the wider social fabric. The potential sources of stress and of satisfaction in women's self employment are noted.     

Women at work in workplaces designed for men: Anthropometry and ergonomics

This article considers one of the sources of stress faced by modern working women: that of having to work in environments largely designed for men. It outlines how this problem has arisen, and examines the different ways in which it can be overcome, pointing up some of the main ergonomic issues that should be addressed in the design of work environments and facilities.     

川东师范学堂与西南师范学院的组建

为实施新学制,培养师资,光绪三十二年(1906年)重庆创办了第一所正规的师范学校--官立川东师范学堂.民国建立后,该学堂改名为川东师范学校.1932年,该校设立乡村师范专修科.次年,专修科迁至沙坪坝磁器口,并先后改名为乡村建设学院、四川省立教育学院.1950年,四川省立教育学院与1940年创办的国立女子师范学院合并组建西南师范学院.1985年,西南师范学院更名为西南师范大学.     

中国传统工笔仕女画和浮世绘美人画在表现技法及构成形式上的比较

女性形象的创作在中国画中被称为“仕女画”,在日本画中被称作“美人画”。虽然中国仕女画与日本美人画两者的名称有差异、但在实质上,仍属于同一种绘画题材。而日本美人画胎息于中国唐代仕女画,长期受中国传统仕女画艺术风格的影响,并在其影响下不断发展。甚至被称为最具日本民族风格的浮世绘美人画,我们在透过其浮华的外表下,仍可清晰的观察到其内蕴亦深受中国传统工笔仕女绘画艺术影响的痕迹。本文旨在对现有资料收集整理的基础上,对中国传统工笔仕女画及日本浮世绘美人画的表现技法及构成形式做比较,研究、分析和讨论两者的异同,并结合实践经验和理论知识做一论述。