中间阶层的成长动力与社会培育

中间阶层正处于由自发性演变到自觉性发展的过渡阶段 ,成长动力不足成为其进一步发展和实现其自身应有社会价值的障碍因素。改革初期形成的有利于中间阶层成长的动力 ,在新的条件下 ,已不能满足其日益增长的成长需求。研究表明 ,中间阶层所需要的成长动力不能仅靠经济发展来自然提供 ,而需要在一定的发展理念和社会政策引导下的社会培育 ,全面小康社会目标中对中间阶层的明确导向 ,显然为新动力的产生提供了可能     

1956年初中共对知识分子政策的调整

在社会主义改造基本完成的同时,1956年初中共召开知识分子工作会议,对建国以来的知识分子政策作出了重大调整,以求调动一切积极因素,投入即将开始的大规模经济建设。但是,对于如何看待知识分子的阶级属性这个根本问题,党内仍然存在不同认识,特别是在调查和调整中没有提出并解决知识分子最为关注的两个问题：消除以往政治运动造成的不良后果,为学术研究提供一个自由宽松的环境。其结果,既给这次政策调整,也在知识分子心中留下了遗憾。     

也谈战后日本的三次“教科书攻击”及其原因

日本右翼势力不仅推动日本军国主义对中国和亚洲其他国家发动了极其残暴的侵略战争,而且战后仍坚持所谓的“皇国史观”①,否认战争罪行,修改、篡改许多重要的侵略史实。本文论述了战后日本进行的三次大的“教科书攻击”②,进而从社会文化、政治、经济、现实等几个方面分析其产生的原因。     

词尾标记-e的消失与英语结构对称性破缺

英语词尾-e的逐渐消亡是语言自身通过放大系统中不对称差异,迫使其低维子系统对称破缺,实际上是依靠概念隐喻以牺牲其结构上的对称美来换取话语的经济效率,用经济的话语表达最充分的信息。而语法化是造成语言内部语法标记和结构渐变的重要原因之一。     

Benchmarking for small- to medium-sized enterprises

This paper identifies which benchmarking databases are available for small- to medium-sized enterprises and the best way to conduct a benchmarking project given the limiting factors which exist at the present time. First, the meaning of benchmarking and performance measures, and their importance to an enterprise are explained. Second, frameworks for the identification of critical performance measures are considered. Third, different types of industrial benchmarking are identified and defined. Fourth, publicly accessible databases are critically reviewed against the requirements of industrial benchmarking. Fifth, the results of the critical review are presented in tabular form. Sixth, conclusions are drawn as how best to proceed with a benchmarking project at the present time. Seventh, recommendations for how best to address the issues raised by the critical review are presented.     

Class and ideological orientations revisited: an exploration of class‐based mechanisms

Studies of the relationship between class position and political outlooks still only have a limited understanding of the class‐related mechanisms that matter for ideological orientations. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms that link class position and left/right and authoritarian/libertarian orientations. Besides main factors such as income, career prospects, job security, education, class origin and class identification, the significance of work‐related factors such as work autonomy, working in a team, a physically demanding job and a mentally demanding job is studied. The findings are based on a survey specifically designed for this purpose and collected in Sweden in 2008/2009. A great deal of the association between class position and left/right orientations is explained by socio‐economic conditions; different classes sympathize with policies that will benefit them economically. Another important factor is class identification. Work‐related factors also have relevance, but the effect of class position on left/right orientations works mainly through the remuneration system. Class position is also related to authoritarian/libertarian orientations. However, this relationship is less explained by socio‐economic position per se, but is rather an effect of the educational system and its allocation of the workforce into different class positions. It also turns out that work‐related factors do not explain the class effects; however, a physically demanding job shows a unique effect. Overall, our findings suggest that besides factors such as class position, income, education and class identification, we need to consider work‐related aspects to derive a more complete understanding of the distribution of ideological orientations in Western societies.     

《诗经》复音词探究

《诗经》里丰富的复音词反映了汉语复音化初始时期的特点，从复音词的组成和构成等方面的特点出发，进行研究，并把《诗经》的复音词与现代复音词相比较，反映出汉语复音化发展的特点。     

科技德语的语法分析

科技德语曾是国际性的科学技术语言,有简洁、客观和信息集中等特性.本文在科技德语的书面语范围内,从语法角度对部分比较有特色的构词法和句型结构进行分析,以利于在科技德语方面进行研究和教学.     

闻一多艺术类型论研究之一：读《字与画》

《字与画》是闻一多艺术类型论系列论文中的一篇。这是一篇现代书论 ,在该文中 ,闻一多运用现代艺术理论和最新的语言文字学的成果 ,对中国传统的艺术形式书法的审美性质作了精辟的阐释 ,对其发展的历史作了大体的描述。     

高校艺术体操课结构的约束力与灵活性

融体操、音乐、舞蹈、美术等多种形式于一身、深受大学生喜爱的高校艺术体操课,由于受人体机能活动能力变化规律和动作技能形成规律的约束,在课时段安排上要纠正那种单纯以传统的三部分课结构的统一模式,根据不同的对象、不同的教材、不同的教学阶段及场地器材等因素灵活地安排艺术体操课的结构,以优化教学更好地提高教学质量。