哲学社会科学应对突发性事件的历史经验——以“5 • 12”汶川地震为例

中国正处于社会转型和经济发展的关键时期,各种突发性事件频发,给哲学社会科学如何更好地开展社会服务提出了重大的现实问题。文章以“5·12”汶川特大地震为典型案例,通过对哲学社会科学工作者在抗震救灾过程中的历史梳理和现实回归分析,总结了哲学社会科学在突发性事件中所展示的巨大作用,得出了哲学社会科学在处理社会突发性事件中必须和自然科学形成社会服务共同体、分阶段抓住重大现实问题、为广大人民提供智力支持等重要启示。为进一步强化哲学社会科学在新时期的社会服务功能,加强突发性事件的前瞻性研究,维护社会稳定和世界和平,全面建成小康社会,实现中华民族的伟大复兴等,提供了理论支持。     

汶川地震灾后重建中的非工程性问题

在汶川震后的重建家园过程中,必须实行可持续发展的灾后重建策略,尊重自然规律,切不可在未全面把握致灾机理的情况下,一味追求重建的高速度及政绩工程.尤其应当高度关注灾后重建中的非工程性问题.即可持续发展的救灾理念、强调人与自然的和谐、文化重建及国民安全教育等."灾后重建学"是一门极其复杂的系统工程,它的发展有赖于新观念的启发,其学科体系至少涉及城乡规划、社会学、灾害学、现代生态恢复理论等内容,从文化重建的角度看.也涉及文化遗产及其保护诸学科.     

日本抗震救灾经验与我国地震灾区恢复重建

通过研究日本在地震灾害方面的成功经验,从地震监测与预防、震后应急措施等方面对我国今后的抗震救灾体系提出相关建议,针对汶川大地震,就灾后重建过程中需要重点考虑的因素进行了分析。     

网架式抗震全息照相实验台

本文主要介绍网架式抗震全息照相实验台的研发背景、创新点及使用效果。该专利已申请外观设计专利,专利号为zl200530146934.8。     

Use of domestic craft for meaning-making post-disaster

Much of the post-disaster research has focused on the vulnerability of affected populations and deleterious effects of such events on mental health, living conditions and employment. Little scholarly consideration has been given to investigating the resourceful activities of everyday living that occupants of disaster-ridden locations use to strengthen coping and aid recovery. This article reports on research conducted after the Christchurch 2010–2011 earthquakes aimed at capturing how people have used crafting as a means of connecting with others and aiding recovery. Using participant voices from five focus group and nine individual interviews, findings from this research show how Cantabrians used the activity of crafting to bring people together, generating a form of healing and recovery. Incorporating symbolism, expressions of compassion and restoring broken materials within their crafting helped participants generate strong and positive responses to a traumatic series of events. The benefits of these crafting efforts were realised on both individual and community levels, signalling the importance of creativity in disaster response work. While reference to domestic crafting has been largely absent from earlier research on disaster recovery we demonstrate how this medium has been powerful in enabling individuals to forge their own recovery after the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake.     

叙事治疗:地震灾后青少年心理重建的新范式

作为心理谘商专业第三波的叙事治疗模式,是深受后现代思潮以及社会建构理论影响的新兴心理咨询与辅导的方法。通过叙事治疗来开展灾后青少年的心理重建,不仅可以让青少年从地震及其所造成的心理创伤中走出来,更可以激发青少年战胜困难、抗震救灾的勇气和斗志,从而以更为积极的心态实现持续的心理重建。因此,叙事治疗正逐渐成为灾后青少年心理重建的新范式。     

唐代京师地震及唐人地震观

唐代地震具有时段上的典型性,同时,京师地区具有典型的区域研究价值。为探讨唐代京师地震的特征,分析唐人在同地震接触过程中逐步形成和树立的地震观,运用文献分析法进行分析。研究认为,唐代290年间,京师地区共发生地震34年次,唐代京师地震具有明显的时段性,连续性地震偏多,且地震的破坏力较大;唐人的地震观主要表现为地震的天人感应观,这是主流观念,其固定的认知模式是系列的因果关系:君主“人政乖错”-阴阳五行失调-“天地见眚”上天示警-发生地震-君主修政“体励虔恭”-“变异自消,休征可致”;柳宗元对地震成因的解释表现为地震的自然成因观,但并不盛行。唐代京师地震具有典型的研究价值,唐人可能已经不太认可天象与地震的关联,并重新构建了天象与地震的关系:与地震有密切关系的是某些具体星辰运动和亮度的变化,其他星象变化不能够引起地震;相较于汉代,这是认识上的进步。     

灾难时刻，文学人类学在场——评《灾难与人文关怀》

《灾难与人文关怀》一书以文学人类学的学科背景为依托,展现了对汶川地震的人类学考察和民族志书写,在关于汶川地震的出版物中,具有独特的学术视野和学术价值。     

发达国家抗震救灾的有效方法及启示

我国四川汶川地震发生后,很多专家学者都在了解和研究灾害多发的发达国家是如何对灾害预防应急体系和灾后重建进行运作和管理的,通过资料的收集和分析,美国、加拿大、日本的实践经验值得我们学习和借鉴。     

A Social Decision Analysis of the Earthquake Safety Problem: The Case of Existing Los Angeles Buildings

In this paper we propose a framework for conducting a decision analysis for a societal problem such as earthquake safety. The application deals with the formulation and evaluation of alternative policies for the seismic safety problem faced by the city of Los Angeles with regard to its old masonry buildings. A social decision analysis compares the costs and benefits of the alternative policies from the viewpoints of the impacted constituents. The emphasis is on identifying acceptable policy that considers the interests of the impacted constituents and provides incentives for their cooperation. Alternatives ranging from strict regulation to free market are examined. In order to evaluate the trade-offs between additional cost and savings in lives, a direct willingness-to-pay and an economic approach, based on property value differential, are used. Recommendations range from strict regulation for the residential and critical buildings (schools, hospitals, fire stations, etc.) to simply informing the occupants (in the case of commercial and industrial buildings) of the risks involved.