论拜占廷帝国科穆宁制度的历史作用

科穆宁制度是1081年阿莱克修斯上台后建立的以皇帝为中心、以皇帝的家族为统治基础的政治制度。这一制度确立了皇帝家族和军事贵族的统治地位,建立起庞大的皇帝家族对非皇帝家族的绝对优势,为科穆宁王朝前三位皇帝提供了坚实的统治支柱,使他们加强了中央集权,恢复并保持了对贵族、官僚政治、军队和君士坦丁堡民众的控制,最终遏制了11世纪以来十分严重的贵族叛乱和阴谋活动,为拜占廷帝国在1081—1180年出现的百年繁荣局面奠定了基础。     

The origins of anti-Jewish policy in the Cossack regions of the Russian Empire,late nineteenth and early twentieth century

In the 1880s and 1890s several laws were issued in the Tsarist empire further restricting the rights of Jews in the Cossack regions. Consequently, the Don, Kuban and Terek regions were “closed” to permanent Jewish residence. In the early twentieth century, a similar trend occurred in relation to Ural Cossacks. On the one hand, the actions coincided chronologically with the tightening of government policy in relation to the Jewish population and, on the other, each of these areas had internal problems resulting from their specific conditions. This study attempts to find out whether this process was a simple consequence of the general restrictive policies in relation to Jews, or whether it was informed by local conditions.     

The election of Jewish deputies in Vilna in 1818: government projects and Jewish claims

This article focuses on the election of the so-called deputies of the Jewish people in Vil'na (Vilnius) in 1818. At the time, the Russian government perceived Jewish society as a “state within a state” with its own secret government. Russian rule tried to legalise and control that imagined government or to neutralise and repress it. The Jewish elite used these mental constructs of the Russian ruling circles and positioned themselves as the holders of the “Jewish rule,” demanding the usual prerogatives of nobility.     

昆体良与罗马文教传统——《善说术原理》简述

昆体良是古罗马帝国时期的教育大师和修辞术泰斗,也是现代西方大学的古代奠基人。昆体良的《善说家的教育》深化了古希腊-罗马的文教传统,他提出的教育理想无疑可以用来借鉴我们现代教育的得失沿革。文章初步介绍了昆体良及其《善说家的教育》,希望为国内学界进一步理解昆体良起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

契丹文化变迁与早期政治

萨满文化与汉文化交合在契丹政治体制中,既共同维系着契丹政治的运作,又存在着矛盾关系,隐现着“草原本位”和“南向”的冲突,这在契丹早期的政治变动中处于核心地位。两种文化牵制着契丹早期政治的发展趋向,并作为文化资源被统治阶层叠相使用。对契丹早期的文化变迁予以梳理,以探求在文化变迁时代作为“历史衍生的”萨满文化和“由选择得到的”汉文化于其中的细微关系。     

威廉二世“世界政策”国内研究综述

关于德意志帝国威廉二世“世界政策”,国内外学者做了大量的研究。国内学者主要对经济、政治、社会思想和心理及其外交等因素作了论述,本文试图对我国学者对这一问题的研究作一综述,以飨读者。     

西夏对外政策的历史考察

:西夏在长期的对外交往中形成了以趋利避害、左右逢源、灵活务实为主要特征的对外政策 ,表现出和平交往与兵戎相见的错综复杂性。西夏的对外政策既是西夏与诸政权间力量对比消长变化的产物 ,又提供了其自身发展壮大和与各强大势力巧妙周旋、长期并存的重要条件 ,同时也给当时北方民族关系和政治格局以深刻影响     

从拖雷、贵由和阿里不哥的死因论大蒙古国的分裂

本文从探讨拖雷、贵由及阿里不哥三个关键性人物的死因入手,论述大蒙古国由统一到分裂的历史过程。关于此三人的死因,史书记载较为隐晦,颇有疑点。本文通过对相关史料的比较、分析与推论,认为他们的死亡都是蒙古皇族内部斗争的结果。围绕着大汗权位,蒙古皇族成员展开激烈的角逐,内讧不断。大蒙古国所以难以持久,最终分崩离析,这是一个重要的原因。     

从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”:帝国逻辑下的中国官僚人事制度

魏晋南北朝以来的“官吏分途”是中国官僚体制的重大制度变迁,本文从这一角度出发,审视当代中国官员的空间流动状况,提出以“官吏相对谱系”为特点的“层级分流”模式。文章从周雪光的“帝国逻辑”分析框架出发,借用史学研究和社会科学理论来认识和解释人事制度安排与帝国治理逻辑之间的关系。文章认为,从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”,这一人事制度造成了官僚体制的二元结构及其迥然不同的职业生涯、激励设置和利益群体,为中国官僚体制的运作打上了鲜明烙印。本文充实和扩展了“帝国逻辑”的理论思路。     

From mood to movement: English nationalism,the European Union and taking back control†

This article considers whether the 2016 EU referendum can be perceived as an English nationalist movement. Specifically, attention is given to examining how memories of the former British Empire were nostalgically enveloped in anxieties regarding England’s location within the devolved UK state. The comments and work of Enoch Powell and George Orwell are used to help explore the link between nostalgia and anxiety in accounts of English nationalism. Despite their opposing political orientations, when considered together, it is argued that both men provide a unique cross-political perspective on Englishness, empire and nostalgia. By way of exploring these themes in relation to the EU referendum, Aughey’s assertion that English nationalism can be perceived as both a “mood” and “movement” is used to highlight how a sense of English anxiety regarding its lack of national sovereignty (mood), as well as a desire to reclaim this sovereignty by renegotiating trade relations with the “Anglo-sphere” (movement), were conjoined in the popular referendum slogan, “take back control”. In conclusion, it is argued that the contextualization of the referendum can be predicated upon an orientation to empire that steers away from glorifying pro-imperial images of England/Britain, towards a more positive and progressive appropriation of the EU referendum as a statement of national change and belonging.