民初共和制、洪宪帝制均告失败悖论新探

民初民主共和制因民主基础薄弱而失败,洪宪帝制并非因民主共和观念深入人心而失败,两种失败并行不悖。民初中国既不是一个完全传统性的社会,也不是一个完全现代性的社会,而是一个传统性与现代性兼备的过渡性社会,现代性不足以使民主共和制成功,传统性也不足以使帝制复辟成功。实际上,民初中国应该选择介于帝制与民主共和制之间的政治模式——过渡性强权统治。     

重写文学史——十七年历史小说的地位及再思考

60年代初"爆发"式出现的历史小说是中国当代文坛的独特风景。然而,在对历史小说的描述和评价上,新时期以来的文学史权威教材和研究存在着相当程度的空白或遮蔽。本文在文本细读的基础上,对历史小说进行思考,以期对历史小说的地位做出客观、公允的评价。     

Integrated Approaches for the Public Health Prioritization of Foodborne and Zoonotic Pathogens

To address the persistent problems of foodborne and zoonotic disease, public health officials worldwide face difficult choices about how to best allocate limited resources and target interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Data‐driven approaches to informing these decisions have been developed in a number of countries. Integrated comparative frameworks generally share three methodological components: estimating incidence of acute illnesses, chronic sequelae, and mortality; attributing pathogen‐specific illnesses to foods; and calculating integrated measures of disease burden such as cost of illness, willingness to pay, and health‐adjusted life years (HALYs). To discuss the similarities and differences in these approaches, to seek consensus on principles, and to improve international collaboration, the E.U. MED‐VET‐NET and the U.S.‐based Food Safety Research Consortium organized an international conference convened in Berlin, Germany, on July 19–21, 2006. This article draws in part on the deliberations of the conference and discusses general principles, data needs, methodological issues and challenges, and future research needs pertinent to objective data‐driven analyses and their potential use for priority setting of foodborne and zoonotic pathogens in public health policy.     

关于人力资本促进经济增长的临界值分析力资本促进经济增长的临界值分析 ———以河北省为例: 1949—2004年

从人力资本存量和流量的角度实证分析了人力资本与河北经济增长的关系,认为 人力资本促进经济增长和人力资本边际报酬递增效应都具有初始条件的要求,并且估算出 2005年全国31个地区人力资本促进经济增长的临界值为6. 29,河北省人力资本边际报酬递 增效应的临界值为0. 87。     

“可听”文本的生产、传播与接受——以“十七年”朗诵诗与诗朗诵为中心

在政治与文化相互胶合的时代语境中,"十七年"朗诵诗生产、传播和接受出现了一系列独异现象。在建构一种"大众化"的"可听性"诗歌文本总体目标的规导下,人们从诗歌本质特征、诗体建设、诗歌传播和诗歌接受等维度,对朗诵诗和诗朗诵进行深入探究和大胆尝试。"可听性"诗歌文本生产与传播,一方面有力地推动"十七年"诗歌"大众化"进程,另一方面也使诗歌的思想、情感和语言被不断"化约",诗歌文本"厚度"降低和形象受损,朗诵诗最终难以壮大为当代诗歌的发展主流。     

民初云南绅耆的社会地位与角色

民国建立，云南绅耆不仅没有边缘化，地位反而越居显要，无论在政坛还是地方社会中都充当重要角色，活动甚形活跃，绅耆通过重新分化组合，趋时应变，变化身份，保持了既往的权势地位，这一历史现象在一定程度上说明辛亥革命虽完成了政治上的鼎革，社会鼎革似未出现，历史的延续性仍然很明显。     

近五年来我国古典接受诗学研究述要

近五年来,我国古典接受诗学研究的内容主要体现在四个领域：一是对古典诗学接受思想的挖掘与探讨,二是对古典诗学接受的综合性研究,三是对古典接受诗学个案的考察,四是对古典接受诗学研究的理论思考与学科反思。其中,在第三个领域,其研究内容又包括四个维面,即：对具体诗人接受的研究,对具体诗作、诗集接受的研究,对具体诗体、诗作群体、诗歌流派接受的研究,对古代文学思想观念及诗学范畴与命题接受的研究。     

Living status in patients over 85 years of age after TUVRP

Abstract

Introduction: To evaluate surgical risk and post-operative quality of living status in patients over 85 years of age after transurethral vaporization resection of the prostate (TUVRP).

Methods: Sixty patients over 85 years of age underwent TUVRP were compared with 228 patients less than the age of 80 years. Group A was 60 patients greater than 85 years of age, Group B was 137 patients from 71 to 79 years of age, and Group C was 91 patients from 60 to 70 years of age.

Results: In Group A, pre-operative ASA grade was higher than the other two groups, compared with Group C, p?<?0.01. Operating time was 40.03?±?18.90?min, compared in the three groups, p?>?0.05. Follow-up was obtained in 49 (81.67%) patients; of them 10 patients were deaths with a survival time of 22.90?±?11.14 months. In the 39 survivors, post-operative IPSS score was 11.17?±?6.9, compared with Group B, p?>?0.05 and Group C, p?<?0.01. Quality of Life (QOL) index was 1.11?±?0.80, compared with Group B, p?<?0.001 and Group C, p?<?0.01. Barthel Index score in 16 patients was >60 and the score was 82.81?±?8.56 pre-operatively. The patients with >60 were increased to 19 cases and the score was improved to 90.93?±?7.58 (p?<?0.001) in follow-up.

Conclusion: Surgical risk in patients over 85 years of age was higher than patients less than the age of 80 years. A safety TUVRP could improve their voiding function and activities of daily living.     

“民主”还是“民主主义”?——九十年来中国“民主”观念形成的理论逻辑与历史逻辑

九十年前,自德先生、赛先生进入中国以后,民主与科学一直是中国知识分子理解现代性的主要标志。但正如一些研究者所指出的那样,由此所导致的唯科学主义也深刻地制约了中国现代思想的开展;实际上,以客观、透明、形式化的科学观念形成的民主主义观念,更左右了中国政治的现代性道路。民主主义理论在现代的兴起,除了古典共和主义衰落的背景,卢梭的《社会契约论》是一个关键。然而,人们往往只注意《社会契约论》中人民主权原则,而置公民宗教原则于不顾,这在晚清以来中国民主观念的形成过程中同样如此。五四期间,这一逻辑在康有为、陈独秀之间有关宪政、民主与孔教为中心的辩论中达到高潮:民主仅仅成为与民选总统、议会等与专制对立的政治议题,而完全抑制和取消了它所包含的注重权利平衡以及公民德性养成的共和观念。     

老舍晚年语言风格的习练历程

文章通过审视老舍晚年的作品,如《茶馆》《正红旗下》和三个歌剧（《拉郎配》《青蛙骑手》《第二个青春》）,旨在探索老舍简练的语言风格.