Deme formation in gall-making aphidsAdelges japonicus (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

The deme formation hypothesis in herbivorous insects states that herbivores differentiate genetically into small demes, each specialized in the idiosyncratic traits of individual plants. We examined this hypothesis in gall-forming aphids,Adelges japonicus, by reciprocal transfers of aphids among three susceptible clones ofPicea jezoensis standing in proximity. Performance of aphids transferred to their natal clone was compared with that of aphids transferred to other novel clones. ANCOVA showed no significant donor (source of aphids) by receptor (recipient of aphids) interactions for both total aphid performance on the host tree over a life cycle and its three subdivisions(q ₁,q ₂ andq ₃). In addition, the total performance on the natal clone was lowest among those in the three clones, which was explicitly against the prediction from the local adaptation. In contrast, there were significant receptor effects onq ₁ (fecundity of gallicolae multiplied by survivorship of fundatrices while feeding on needles) andq ₃ (fecundity of fundatrices multiplied by survivorship of gallicolae before emergence from the galls), suggesting genetic differences in resistance among clones. The two-fold difference inq ₃ among clones was due to different gall size, which was highly correlated with the number of gallicolae that emerged from the gall. The two-fold difference inq ₁ seemed to be caused by different survivorship of larval fundatrices while feeding on needles.     

传统家训的治家之道及其现实价值

传统家训中关于治家之道的思想主要包括以圣贤为范的立家之道、以教子为先的兴家之道、以勤俭为务的持家之道、以睦亲为上的齐家之道等内容。它们是承载圣贤人格思想和教化方法的有效载体。发掘传统家训中的精华并赋予其时代内涵 ,对于推动当代家庭道德建设 ,强化家庭的教化功能 ,促进社会稳定 ,具有积极的借鉴价值和启迪意义     

教师法律素质刍议

对当前教师的法律素质现状、存在的原因作一些初浅的分析 ,并就如何增强法制观念 ,提高教师法律素质作一些探讨。     

实现公平正义是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键环节

所谓公平正义,就是社会各方面的利益关系得到妥善协调,人民内部矛盾和其他社会矛盾得到正确处理,社会公平与正义得到切实维护和实现。追求公平正义是实现社会和谐的前提。促进公平正义的实现,就必须高度重视公平正义在社会发展中的重要地位和作用,正确处理效率与公平的关系;必须树立科学的公平正义观,防止把公平正义等同于绝对平均主义和脱离具体历史条件去追求公平正义两种错误倾向;必须正确反映和兼顾不同方面的利益;必须加强法治建设。     

一百年前由译介西书产生的一场歧见——关于严复译《社会通诠》所引发的《民报》上的批评

严复译英人甄克思《政治史》,划分人类社会为图腾社会、宗法社会、军国社会(亦称国家社会)三种主要形式。严复称,中国社会自秦迄清为“宗法居其七,而军国居其三”;并借原著着重指出,“宗法社会”有“组织个体以血缘种族而不以居地”、“排外而锄非种”、“统于所尊”、“不为物竞”四大缺陷,尤其批评当时的民主革命派宣传的民族主义为不脱宗法思想。对此,汪精卫、胡汉民、章太炎曾在《民报》刊文批驳,认为《社会通诠》中对历史阶段的划分和所总结的宗法社会的特征不合中国历史实际,并指出古今不同的民族的民族主义更有差别。这场论争的意义,除显示当时“排满”革命与“君主立宪”两派斗争的政治内容之外,在学术上更显示出引进西学如何“考迹异同”、相互参照,进而比较和评判的问题,也涉及宏观之学和微观之学的相互关系及各自的地位问题。     

Doubly periodic non-homogeneous Poisson models for hurricane data

Non-homogeneous Poisson processes with periodic claim intensity rate have been proposed as claim counts in risk theory. Here a doubly periodic Poisson model with short- and long-term trends is studied. Beta-type intensity functions are presented as illustrations. The likelihood function and the maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters are derived.Doubly periodic Poisson models are appropriate when the seasonality does not repeat exactly the same short-term pattern every year, but has a peak intensity that varies over a longer period. This reflects periodic environments like those forming hurricanes, in alternating El Niño/La Niña years. An application of the model to the data set of Atlantic hurricanes affecting the United States (1899–2000) is discussed in detail.     

论我国产业结构的转换与调整

分析我国行政强制性产业结构转换战略的基本矛盾,简述当前产业结构关系的新变化,提出产业结构转换的两阶段发展战略之建议。     

论李白的边塞诗

李白在盛唐边塞诗的创作中占有重要地位 ,共有 5 0首边塞诗。歌颂正义的战争 ,抒发立功边塞的时代豪情 ,打破古今时空 ,生发深隽的哲理思考。气势非凡 ,想像奇特 ,比喻新颖 ,色彩绚丽 ,时空组接艺术丰富 ,善用代言体 ,在盛唐诗坛独树一帜。     

构筑思想道德防线是反腐倡廉的基础

从思想上、政治上、行动上构筑思想道德防线是反腐倡廉、拒腐防变的重要基础。在思想道德防线建设中,要注意解决重“法治”轻“德治”的问题,解决忽视教育作用的问题,解决思想教育工作不到位的问题。其中,抓好思想道德教育工作是关键。     

论国名与国号

国名是国家的名字,代表着国家;而国号只是政府为国家所起的官方称号,在特定时期内可以代表国家,但所代表的主要是政府.一个国名就只能是一个国家,一个国家只能有一个主权,在一国内部出现两个以上对立的政府时,国际社会只会选择其中一个政府作为国家的合法代表.在政治、法律和国度意义上,中国才是我国的国名,而其他的称呼都是国号.