Analysing non-doctrinal socialization: re-assessing the role of cognition to account for social cohesion in the Religious Society of Friends

To incorporate newcomers into membership, a group employs socialization strategies to transform the characteristics of the newcomers, so that it can admit them with the confidence that their behaviour will not endanger group unity. Analyses of socialization emphasize that novices' interiorization of an institutional definition of group behaviour is a necessary condition to ensure successful socialization. The contemporary Religious Society of Friends in Britain, however, is a non-doctrinal religious movement that avoids defining the content of its beliefs and practices. To analyse the socializing interaction between members and newcomers in this movement in Britain, and among co-religionists in the USA, this inquiry applies a model of socialization that does not include assumptions about the role played by cognition in socialization (Long and Hadden 1983). My results show that: (a) the diffuseness in Friends' collective explanations of institutional conduct supports novices' identification with institutional practice, and (b) experimental and affective components in socialization motivate novices to imitate institutional behaviour despite the fact that Friends have no authoritative explanations of such behaviour. The data suggest that socialization and social cohesion are not necessarily as strongly cognitive-oriented phenomena as they were previously thought to be. This finding has important implications for thinking about social cohesion in postmodern society.     

蔡元培翻译观的认识论诠释

本文从哲学认识论的角度对蔡元培在《国文学讲义.叙言》中隐含的“译即易”的译学观点进行了诠释。认为翻译过程就是译者主体对于文本客体的认识活动,在这一认识过程中,译者主体的认知结构、价值观念、情感等都对翻译起着重要的作用,从而产生不同的认识结果即不同的译本。但译者主体作用的发挥最终还是要受到文本这个客体和原文本作者这另一主体的制约。文本内容,即原作者的思想仍旧是无法改变的。     

双重意义修辞的主要意义映射类型探析

双重意义修辞是有意利用语表、语内意义的关系,使得"言在此,而意在彼"并产生一定的表达效果的语言修辞现象.从思维、认知的方面看,双重意义修辞是以不同的方式和角度从一个义域向另一个义域的映射,其意义映射类型主要有具象式映射、类比式映射和离析整合式映射等.     

英语习语变体的认知阐释

英语习语变体不仅是语用者对习语创造性地应用,也反映了语用者的认知思维方式。人类在认识和感知世界的过程中取得的经验促成了人类的概念,并以特有的方式在语言结构中加以兑现,人类以与生俱来的认知能力,将身体经验和社会经验投射为抽象的概念结构。英语习语的变体是一般认知过程作用于思维、概念的结果。通过用认知语言学的框架理论和原型范畴理论来探讨英语习语变体的现象,我们可以更加充分地认识英语习语变体的认知本质。     

论抽象行政不作为侵权及其法律救济

目前,我国行政法学界对行政不作为的研究相当薄弱。中国首例公民状告政府行政“立法”不作为案,使这一理论问题凸显出来。抽象行政不作为是一种违法行为,由于其作用的对象广泛,比具体行政不作为更具有危害性,应将抽象行政不作为纳入行政侵权行为的范畴,对其进行救济。     

Social cognition,social neuroscience,and evolutionary social psychology: What's missing?

In this paper I argue that something important, and something social, is missing from contemporary accounts of social cognition, social neuroscience and evolutionary social psychology. Contemporary accounts of social cognition focus on cognition directed towards social objects, that is, towards persons and social groups. In contrast, early twentieth century accounts of socially engaged cognition focused upon beliefs and attitudes oriented to the represented beliefs and attitudes of members of social ‘reference groups’ and directed towards both social and non‐social objects. I argue that this earlier conception of socially engaged cognition should be integrated with contemporary research on social cognition, social neuroscience and evolutionary social psychology, since it poses a challenge but also an opportunity for these disciplines.     

文化认知中定向思维模式的建构与解构——以中国少数民族文化范式为研究视阈

定向思维模式的建构与解构实际上反映出认知结构的二重性特征,两者在文化认知活动中可互为挹注共存于对立统一关系里。因此,对中国少数民族文化范式的研究,不仅要重视建构之功能催生的符号化文化构成,还应关注解构之功能显现的非常见的文化元素。同时,只有弄清楚定向思维模式的建构与解构在文化认知中的意涵,才能明确定向思维模式的“趋向”和“专注”特点以及“惰化”和“孤立”倾向,从而为牵及民族文化事项的认知固化与迁移提供理论工具并用以指导多元文化实践。     

抽象行政行为听证程序之适用

目前我国听证制度的适用范围较狭窄 ,特别是在中国加入 WTO后 ,更进一步暴露出其狭窄的听证范围与世贸规则的不协调。因此 ,有必要将听证程序的适用扩展至抽象行政行为 ,并对其适用的原则和范围予以具体规定。文章对抽象行政行为之听证程序的立法原则及其听证范围应包含的内容作出分析与论证 ,试图通过初步的探讨提出有参考价值的建议。     

论语篇连贯机制

基于认知语用学理论,可以构拟一个存在于认知中并投射到语篇上去的连贯模型。此模型含交际意图和语篇结构组成的宏观连贯以及由认知次序、衔接机制和主-述位推进模式组成的微观连贯。适当使用这一模型,可以解释不同类型语篇的连贯,也使连贯作为术语区别于其他相关概念。     

大学生社会支持与就业压力之间的关系

通过运用社会支持问卷、状态一特质焦虑问卷、就业认知问卷对350名在校大学生进行问卷调查,结果显示：男女学生在积极评价、中性评价和特质焦虑上有显著差异;不同年级的学生在就业认知评价和状态焦虑上存在显著性差异;不同生源地的学生在中性评价、状态焦虑和特质焦虑和对支持的利用度上均存在显著性差异;社会支持和就业认知评价都与就业压力之间存在着显著相关;就业认知对焦虑有很好的预测作用。