农业科技创新：构建和谐新农村的动力源

农业经济的快速发展必须依靠农业科技的创新，而我国农业科技管理体制落后，科技成果转化率低，财政投入不足等问题制约了农业科技创新的发展，影响了和谐社会目标的实现。因此，只有建立完善的农业科技创新体制和运行机制，加快农业科技进步的速度，促进农业科技创新，才能为农业和农村经济的发展以及和谐社会的构建提供强劲的科技动力。     

英语专业基础阅读课与短期强化培训阅读课比较

本文旨在分析本科生英语基础阅读课与短期强化培训阅读课不同点的基础上讨论对教材的选择 ,课堂教学的方式和要求 ,课堂教学的侧重点和总体指导方法上所采取的一些相应教学对策     

Risk Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants: A Pragmatic Proposal1

Criteria are proposed for both an acceptable upper bound of nuclear power plant risk and a lower bound as a design target. Recognizing that the public risk associated with a power plant can be estimated only by probabilistic analysis of the design features, the spread between the lower design target and the upper bound provides a margin for uncertainty in th probabilistic estimate. The combination of a low probabilistic design target and this margin provides a reasonable expectation that the overall performance will be in the domain of an acceptable risk level. Because the exposure to potential risk is chiefly in the locality of the nuclear station, it is also proposed that compensatory benefits should be provided locally and that these be included as a cost of operation. It is suggested that the upper bound be set at a risk level equivalent to those risks of routine living which are normally accepted, i.e., about 10^-4 deaths per year per person (100 deaths/yr/million). The proposed lower design target is 10^-8 (0.1 deaths/yr/million), about one-hundredth of the minimal risk from the natural hazards all people are exposed to.     

Reflections on Risk Perception and Policy1,2

This paper looks critically at the emergence and present status of risk analysis with the aim of assessing its usefulness for policy decisions on risk regulation and the acceptability of risk-bearing innovations. The authors adopt a personal narrative to illustrate their own involvement in risk research and to comment on empirical trends that have resulted in the current fashion for risk workshops. The second part of the paper confronts specific issues in risk research. These are not new problems-indeed several of the questions asked have been taken directly from a list used to structure a recent risk seminar; but the stand taken here is rather less conciliatory than is usual when these issues are discussed. The pessimistic message of this paper is that risk research, especially in the area of risk perception, is being used as a panacea with which to attempt to remedy what are essentially societal and political matters. Risk research is being used as a tool in a discourse which is not concerned with risks per se, nor with the cognitive processes by which people misperceive the risks of new technologies, but whose hidden agenda is the legitimacy of decision-making institutions and the equitable distribution of hazards and benefits. The authors take a subjectivist view, not just of risk but in general, and query the natural science approach to risk perception, with its assumption that universal dimensions of risk perception can be discovered and used in policy-making and setting regulatory standards. Although it is possible to collect subjective data on the wider meanings that risks and benefits associated with technological innovations have for lay publics, the interpretation and recombination of these data into useful policy guidelines is seen as fraught with technical and, above all, political problems.     

我国农村人力资本投资与非农就业关系的实证研究——基于1978-2007年的经验证据

从公共投资、教育、健康、培训及迁移等角度全面度量了我国1978-2007年农村人力资本投资量,并在此基础上运用向量误差修正模型、协整检验、Granger因果检验对我国农村人力资本投资与非农就业的关系做了实证研究。结果表明,人力资本投资量是非农就业总比重的单向Granger原因,即前者有效地促进了后者的提高,但其影响具有滞后性;人力资本投资量不是农村劳动力当地非农就业比重的Granger原因,即前者并未促进后者的提高,反而更有效地促进了农村劳动力向城市非农产业转移。     

论人文资源的经济价值

人文资源已经成为一种不可或缺的经济资源,但人们对于它的经济价值却不甚了了,这样就形成了同自然资源利用中相同的局面,资源无价,造成了人文资源的大量破坏与浪费。探索人文资源的价值及其判定方法,对人文资源实行价值化、资产化管理,对于我们充分合理开发和利用人文资源、切实有效地保护人文资源具有其他方法不可替代的作用和意义。人文资源的价值只能由形成、保护、传承和开发所消耗的劳动量来决定。在现实的价格决定方法中影子价格法是较为科学的、能够反映人文资源真实价值的方法。     

巨额财产来源不明罪新探

巨额财产来源不明罪系反腐法网的重要环节 ,实施好坏直接关涉腐败的控制效果。当前学界对本罪构成要件、证据责任等问题的认识不一 ,大大影响了立法的应用价值。其实 ,我国《刑法》第 395条第 1款是实体法与证据法融为一体、规范中无罪过无行为的状态犯的新型立法模式 ,理论注释应有别于普通罪行。构成要件包括肯定和否定两个层次 ,即国家工作人员的财产与支出之和同合法收入存在巨大差额 ;本人不能说明来源的合法性。控辨双方分担证据责任 ,其中肯定性要件由控方承担 ,否定性要件由辩方承担     

经济犯罪数额立法之维新

在大力发展市场经济的今天 ,及时有效的打击经济犯罪成为社会主义市场经济健康有序发展的重要保障。但由于在经济犯罪数额之立法设计上的不足 ,使实践部门在认定经济犯罪时略显力不从心。窃以为 ,我国经济犯罪数额之立法设计亟待维新     

对我国货币政策中介目标选择的思考

随着经济体制改革的深化 ,宏观经济调控的地位越发突出 ,货币政策作为宏观调控的手段之一 ,其有效性备受关注。因而能够灵敏感应货币政策工具并影响经济实体、消费者行为的中介目标 ,它的选择至关重要。我国现行的货币政策是以货币供应量作为中介目标的 ,但这一中介目标作用发挥受限 ,基于我国金融市场不成熟等因素 ,我国应建立以社会信贷总额为主的中介目标体系 ;当市场环境趋近成熟时 ,利率替代货币供应量与社会信贷总额共同构成中介目标体系