Looking at their side of the conflict? Effects of single versus multiple perspective history teaching on Jewish and Arab adolescents’ attitude to out-group narratives and in-group responsibility

In the last decade, the issue of teaching the Palestinian perspective on the Jewish–Arab conflict in Israeli schools gave rise to considerable debate and competing curricula. A quasi-experimental study compared the effects of these competing approaches on learners’ attitudes to out-group narratives and perceived in-group responsibility (IR). A total of 176 Israeli Jewish and Arab participants were randomly allocated into teaching approaches differing in method of engagement with historical narratives (single authoritative narrative, empathetic dual narrative, and critical analysis of conflicting sources). Results revealed effects for teaching approach and majority–minority status. Engagement with a single authoritative narrative decreased interest in out-group perspectives while empathetic engagement with out-group and in-group perspectives increased it, though the effect was more pronounced for members of the Arab minority than for those of the Jewish majority. Among Jewish participants, an empathetic teaching approach led to a decrease in perceived IR while the critical approach led to the opposite outcome. The trends were inverted for Arab participants. Engagement with historical perspectives also moderated the impact of interest in out-group perspectives on acceptance of IR. Educational implications point to the harmful effects of enforcing a single narrative in conflicted societies and to the beneficial outcomes of multiple perspective teaching.     

‘I FELT DEAD’: applying a racial microaggressions framework to Black students’ experiences of Black History Month and Black History*

This paper uses a Critical Race Theory perspective to explain the everyday racisms – racial microaggressions – directed towards students of African and Caribbean descent during a non-statutory Black History unit, at an English secondary school. Applying a racial microaggressions framework to ethnographic data, this paper finds that experiences of studying Black History by students of African and Caribbean descent are dominated by various types of racial microaggressions including: micro-invalidation, micro-insults and micro-assaults. These experiences are symptomatic of wider racist structures and processes within the National Curriculum for History, based upon the ideology of white supremacy. This paper concludes that the racial microaggressions framework allows for useful ways of thinking about the function and purpose of Black History Month and Black History in schools, and its opportunities for exposing wider institutional and ideological underpinnings that legitimate deficit understandings about black people in school classrooms.     

思想史视野中的质性研究:以方法意涵的构建为例

本文尝试从思想史视角反思质性研究方法,以揭示被结构视角遮蔽的研究过程,从而探讨一种直面内心的反思性社会科学研究方式。思想史视角强调回到文本去阐释书写者赋予研究方法以意涵的思想过程。本文以“推论”“充分必要性”与“意义”等三种方法论立场中的方法意涵构建过程为例展现这样的思想过程：方法论如何引导了对特定研究方法的选择;当方法论与现实情况存在差距时,书写者如何在原有方法论立场中发展对质性方法新的理解以捍卫方法论的合理性;书写者如何在强调与其他立场的区分中发展对方法的理解。本文由此揭示了看似相同的方法背后所蕴含的巨大意涵和实践差异。一种围绕“意涵”展开的方法知识系统将有可能被建立起来。思想史视角为反思性的质性方法知识构建提供了可以付诸实践的路径。     

冀南红色革命旧址建筑现状调研

红色革命旧址建筑完整的将那段红色峥嵘岁月呈现于世人眼前,同时也是我们回顾红色革命精神与历史的重要载体。本文以冀南地区红色革命旧址建筑为研究对象,通过实地考察与资料收集两种手段,对其历史背景与现状有了初步认识。将冀南地区红色革命旧址建筑根据当时行政功能划分为四类：党政机构、军事机构、后勤保障机构、宣传教育机构。并对其现有建筑特点进行了初步讨论,为下步探讨其保护与活化打下良好基础。     

History lessons: inequality,diversity and the national curriculum

This article explores the continued importance of teaching a diverse curriculum at a time when issues of racial and ethnic equality and diversity have been increasingly sidelined in the political discussion around ‘British’ values and identities, and how these should be taught in schools. The 2014 History National curriculum, in particular, provoked widespread controversy around what British history is, who gets included in this story and how best to engage young people in increasingly diverse classrooms with the subject. The new curriculum provides both opportunities for, and constraints on, addressing issues of racial and ethnic equality and diversity, but how these are put into practice in an increasingly fragmented school system remains less clear. Drawing on the findings of two research projects in schools across England and Wales, this article examines the challenges and opportunities facing teachers and young people in the classroom in the teaching and learning of diverse British histories. We argue that it is not only the content of what children and young people are taught in schools that is at issue, but how teachers are supported to teach diverse curricula effectively and confidently.     

中古汉地之西域文化

社会文化生成与历史生成相互促生.文化生成主要在于文化接触、交往交融而形成复合文化.社会生成,主要指不同形态社会力量(生产方式、主体等)碰撞交流,形成新的社会特质.历史生成,因历史过程、历史事件尤其朝代更替或政权变更,使主体及其文化迁移或滞留,而产生新的社会主体或结构.即历史生成实质涵括或促动社会文化生成.同时,社会与文化生成积淀或敦促历史生成.族属、信仰之转换、转向通常基于文化、社会和历史的生成.即历史生成往往基于社会文化生成.自古代经中世纪至近代,西域文化不断东渐中土,与南北方汉文化交融生成,逐步成为现今汉文化的重要构成.此亦历史生成之内容.     

邓小平的精神气质及其理论的“思想史”意义

邓小平将马克思主义的精髓与“活的灵魂”深入贯彻到新的理论和新的实践,在当代视域中实现了对马克思主义的“总体性”创新,从而在新的起点上实现了对马克思主义精髓的继承、发展和螺旋式复归。邓小平的实践历程,展现了他独特的政治风范和精神气质,其创新性理论必将在马克思主义思想史上和非马克思主义的世界思想史上留下“普世”的价值和意义。     

《高僧传》词语札记

《高僧传》是梁释慧皎撰集的一部僧徒传记。本文对其中“黄中”、“抽舍”、“纲领”、“越逸”4词的意义和引申源流进行了考释。     

马克思哲学的历史主义根基:遗忘与重建

自产生之日起,历史主义理论就一直为它内含的矛盾所困扰:既要对事物的相对性和暂时性给予肯定,又要为其寻求确定性根据。在历史主义的诸种类型中,只有与决定论相结合的历史主义,才能避免相对主义的困扰,合理地处理这一矛盾。黑格尔以思辨形而上学为基础的历史观,只是虚假地克服了历史主义所必须面对的这一难题。马克思哲学既主张超越性的理想,又要在现实的历史中为这一理想的实现寻找必然性根据,因此它在以历史性原则揭示人的自由的同时,又以科学认知为自由的实现安置了客观性和确定性的基座,构建了一种特殊类型的历史主义。长期以来,由于遗忘了马克思哲学的这一历史主义根基,就出现了单纯从认知进路上和单纯从规范进路上解释马克思哲学的两种倾向。对于完整理解马克思哲学来说,重建它的历史主义根基具有根本性的意义。     

以人为本的历史渊源与基本内涵

基于历史渊源以人为本的基本内涵有三个层次：从主客体关系上,把人当作主体,强调人在历史发展过程中的地位和作用,即发展依靠人;从目的和手段关系上,把人作为目的,社会发展的最终目的是人本身;从事实和价值的关系上,把人看做是尺度,在分析和解决一切问题时,更要既坚持物的尺度,也坚持人的尺度,把最广大人民群众的根本利益作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点,即尊重人。