论我国铁路旅客意外伤害保险制度的重构

我国现行的铁路旅客意外伤害强制保险制度已设立近60年,且鲜有变化,已不适应当今社会的发展需求及国际潮流,亟待完善。完善铁路旅客意外伤害保险制度不是废除强制保险,而是构建铁路承运人责任保险制度,即强制铁路承运人以他们可能面临的损害赔偿责任为标的投保责任保险。     

我国农村群体性突发事件研究

农村群体性突发事件是我国转型时期社会冲突的重要表现形式。当前农村群体性事件中政治型事件增加,组织化程度提高,而且冲突形式逐渐升级。究其原因主要是农村利益冲突加剧,农民负担过重;农村基层政权政治整合能力差;社会不满情绪日益强烈,反体制意识开始形成。防止和减少此类事件的对策:一是调整利益结构,减轻农民负担;二是推进政治改革,健全农村治理体制,三是增强法律观念,规范公共参与行为;四是建立危机管理体制。     

关于医疗事故鉴定结论作用的几个误区

鉴定结论在民事诉讼中的作用 ,目前存在一些认识上的误区。实际上 ,医疗事故鉴定委员会的鉴定结论不能完全等同诉讼法所规定的“鉴定结论” ,它并非法院审理医疗纠纷案的唯一依据 ,有无医疗鉴定委员会的鉴定结论也不是法院受理医疗赔偿案件的前提     

论航空事故调查报告诉讼证明问题

民用航空器事故调查报告对于事故相关民事诉讼的事实查清具有重要作用,有必要探讨其证据属性。研究以实证为基础,从分析调查报告的特性入手,进而将其与书证等法定证据种类进行辨析,最终提出并论证了调查报告的证据属性为行政主体认定的免证事实,证据效力需辨证分析和适用的观点。     

高校学生顶岗实习工伤事故的法律责任问题探析

高校学生顶岗实习工作中发生人身伤害事故由谁担责无从确定,主要是因为实习学生的特殊身份难以准确定位。目前司法实践中大都采纳"学生说",所以,此类工伤事故不适用《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》和《工伤保险条例》等劳动类法律法规,而现行的《民法通则》等法律法规也没有相应的具体规定。合理解决这类工伤事故的责任承担,"雇工说"比较切合目前的实际情形。国家立法部门应该补充和完善劳动法律法规的相关规定,明确规定顶岗实习工作中人身伤害事故的责任由实习单位承担,目前法院受理此类案件应当比照雇工从事雇佣活动中遭受人身损害的相关司法解释处理。     

兼职人员工伤事故若干法律问题研究

兼职工伤事故责任既是劳动保险中的重要问题,也是民事侵权行为法中的特殊实践问题。就兼职人员工伤事故的若干法律问题,从理论和实践的结合上借鉴国外相关理论和立法规定,分析我国兼职人员工伤事故责任的现状并完善,将有利于保护兼职劳动者的合法权益。     

Analyzing Collision,Grounding, and Sinking Accidents Occurring in the Black Sea Utilizing HFACS and Bayesian Networks

This study examines and analyzes marine accidents that have occurred over the past 20 years in the Black Sea. Geographic information system, human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS), and Bayesian network models are used to analyze the marine accidents. The most important feature distinguishing this study from other studies is that this is the first study to analyze accidents that have occurred across the whole Black Sea. Another important feature is the application of a new HFACS structure to reveal accident formation patterns. The results of this study indicate that accidents occurred in high concentrations in coastal regions of the Black Sea, especially in the Kerch Strait, Novorossiysk, Kilyos, Constanta, Riva, and Batumi regions. The formation of grounding and sinking accidents has been found to be similar in nature; the use of inland and old vessels has been highlighted as important factors in sinking and grounding incidents. However, the sequence of events leading to collision-contact accidents differs from the sequence of events resulting in grounding and sinking accidents. This study aims to provide information to the maritime industry regarding the occurrence of maritime incidents in the Black Sea, in order to assist with reduction and prevention of the marine accidents.     

基于煤矿透水事故应急响应时效性的水泵布局鲁棒优选问题研究

为了提高煤矿透水事故中矿工获救和恢复健康的可能性，本文基于应急响应时效性研究关键资源-水泵布局问题。已有应急资源布局问题的研究多从成本、时间、资源需求满足度等方面进行，煤矿透水事故应急响应时效性是综合考虑被困矿工获救时间以及被困过程中被困位置最低氧气含量和食物缺少量三方面要素的事故应对效果。首先，建立了基于煤矿透水事故发生、发展和应急响应机理的三方面要素计算方法；然后，在供氧和供食物所需资源布局给定的前提下，设计水泵布局的目标函数和约束条件，建立水泵布局鲁棒优选模型，通过机会时间窗概念的引入和分支定界算法的思想，给出水泵布局不可行方案的判别准则，并在此基础上进行优选算法的设计；最后，在实际发生的煤矿透水事故典型案例基础上，构造算例，检验水泵布局鲁棒优选模型的有效性。     

Industrial Safety and Utopia: Insights from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident

Feedback from industrial accidents is provided by various state or even international, institutions, and lessons learned can be controversial. However, there has been little research into organizational learning at the international level. This article helps to fill the gap through an in‐depth review of official reports of the Fukushima Daiichi accident published shortly after the event. We present a new method to analyze the arguments contained in these voluminous documents. Taking an intertextual perspective, the method focuses on the accident narratives, their rationale, and links between “facts,” “causes,” and “recommendations.” The aim is to evaluate how the findings of the various reports are consistent with (or contradict) “institutionalized knowledge,” and identify the social representations that underpin them. We find that although the scientific controversy surrounding the results of the various inquiries reflects different ethical perspectives, they are integrated into the same utopian ideal. The involvement of multiple actors in this controversy raises questions about the public construction of epistemic authority, and we highlight the special status given to the International Atomic Energy Agency in this regard.     

以白塔机场为例谈机场生态文明建设

生态文明建设是人类最终和自然和谐相处的必经之路和必要过程。在机场这种特殊的人工环境下,更需要飞机和鸟类的和谐相处。以呼和浩特白塔国际机场近几年开展的生态文明建设为例,通过对2005年和2011年两次与内蒙古大学生命科学学院合作调查的结果进行对比,即机场开展生态文明建设前后的机场鸟类组成差异,并结合2011年实际发生的鸟击事故,试图展示生态文明建设在机场驱鸟工作方面的实质作用。事实证明,生态文明建设是一种非常有效的减少机场鸟击事件的措施,并据此对日常驱鸟工作提出了可行的建议。