对高校“非典”及其突发性事件管理内容和机制的研究

本文借鉴美国项目管理的理论和方法,对高校突发事件的管理内容和管理机制进行了研究,其目的在于对预防或处置高校突发事件的相关内容进行有效管理,正确预防、处置高校突发事件,维护校园的安全和稳定。     

Evaluation of the Physical Hazards Associated with Two Remedial Alternatives at a Superfund Site

This study presents an evaluation of the risks due to the physical hazards associated with two remedial alternatives for a former chemical manufacturing facility in New Jersey. Both the on-site and off-site risk of work-related fatalities during remedy implementation and the risks of accident or accident-related fatalities during the off-site transport of site-related materials were evaluated. The two remedial alternatives evaluated were on-site containment and excavation with off-site incineration. The risk of at least one fatality due to a work-related accident was estimated for on-site activities associated with each remedial alternative, and for off-site incineration. The risks of at least one accident and of one accident-related fatality were calculated with accident and fatality data from the U.S. Department of Transportation. In addition, the risk of at least one accident that might potentially affect a natural resource (e.g., river, lake, or national park) was evaluated. This evaluation indicates that the risk of a work-related fatality is over an order of magnitude higher, and the risk of an accident or accident-related fatality is over three orders of magnitude higher, for the excavation/off-site incineration remedial alternative than for the on-site containment alternative. Overall, this study indicates that the physical hazards associated with excavation and off-site incineration are much greater than those associated with on-site containment for this site. Therefore, if a choice between the two remedial alternatives were to be made based solely on physical hazards and accident risk, the on-site containment alternative would be more protective of human health and the environment than the excavation/off-site incineration alternative.     

日本学校体育伤害事故的现状及事故补偿制度的考察

在学校体育教学中,不可避免地会发生一些体育伤害事故,随着体育法律制度的健全和完善而引发的纠纷及索赔也与日俱增。文中就日本学校体育伤害事故的现状及事故补偿制度进行了考察,以期为我国建立起一套完备的学校体育事故的补偿制度提供参考。     

论损伤控制理念在外科手术中的应用价值

文章通过对某三甲医院发生的3起因外科手术方式引发的医患纠纷处理结果进行综合分析,阐明损伤控制性手术(damage control surgery,DCS)理念在临床外科手术方式选择中的应用价值以及法律和伦理学意义,以期引起临床医生的重视,提升手术理念,进而有效缓解医患矛盾和减少医疗事故的发生?     

非医学需要胎儿性别鉴定事故刍议

对进行非医学需要胎儿性别鉴定的行为不应视为犯罪,这主要是因为"非医学需要胎儿性别鉴定"不是男女比例严重失调的唯一原因;"养儿防老"等观念问题不能也不宜用刑法手段来加以改变的;将非医学需要鉴定性别行为犯罪化,势必没法解决种种实际操作上的问题;在刑法的适用上应采用其他手段用尽的原则。     

Analysis of Exogenous Components of Mortality Risks

A new technique for deriving exogenous components of mortality risks from national vital statistics has been developed. Each observed death rate D_ij (where i corresponds to calendar time (year or interval of years) and j denotes the number of corresponding age group) was represented as D_ij=A_j+B_iC_j, and unknown quantities A_j, B_i, and C_j were estimated by a special procedure using the least-squares principle. The coefficients of variation do not exceed 10%. It is shown that the term A_j can be interpreted as the endogenous and the second term B_iC_j as the exogenous components of the death rate. The aggregate of endogenous components A_j can be described by a regression function, corresponding to the Gompertz-Makeham law, A(τ) =γ+β· eατ, where γ, β, and α are constants, τ is age, AττAττA_j, and τ_j, is the value of age τ in jth age group. The coefficients of variation for such a representation does not exceed 4%. An analysis of exogenous risk levels in the Moscow and Russian populations during 1980–1995 shows that since 1992 all components of exogenous risk in the Moscow population had been increasing up to 1994. The greatest contribution to the total level of exogenous risk was lethal diseases, and their death rate was 387 deaths per 100,000 persons in 1994, i.e., 61.9% of all deaths. The dynamics of exogenous mortality risk change during 1990–1994 in the Moscow population and in the Russian population without Moscow had been identical: the risk had been increasing, and its value in the Russian population had been higher than that in the Moscow population.     

农民工工伤保险供给与需求相关实证研究

本文以工伤事故典型病案"矽肺病"为对象,对湖南某私营煤矿农民工工伤保险参保情况进行实例调查。通过对企业工伤风险自留与保险风险转移经营成本的比较,对农民工工伤经济损失与参加工伤保险或企业私自理赔的保障水平比较,从两个角度解析了农民工工伤保险供需失衡的现状。文章认为有必要实施强制性参保,运用激励措施来提高企业参保率,有必要引入适当费率机制以缩小农民工工伤保险基金缺口。     

Extending the Quantitative Assessment of Industrial Risks to Earthquake Effects

In the general framework of quantitative methods for natural‐technological (NaTech) risk analysis, a specific methodology was developed for assessing risks caused by hazardous substances released due to earthquakes. The contribution of accidental scenarios initiated by seismic events to the overall industrial risk was assessed in three case studies derived from the actual plant layout of existing oil refineries. Several specific vulnerability models for different equipment classes were compared and assessed. The effect of differing structural resistances for process equipment on the final risk results was also investigated. The main factors influencing the final risk values resulted from the models for equipment vulnerability and the assumptions for the reference damage states of the process equipment. The analysis of case studies showed that in seismic zones the additional risk deriving from damage caused by earthquakes may be up to more than one order of magnitude higher than that associated to internal failure causes. Critical equipment was determined to be mainly pressurized tanks, even though atmospheric tanks were more vulnerable to containment loss. Failure of minor process equipment having a limited hold‐up of hazardous substances (such as pumps) was shown to have limited influence on the final values of the risk increase caused by earthquakes.     

主要海运国家海上事故调查及审判制度的比较研究

为了有效遏制海上事故再发生,增进海上安全,世界上许多航运发达的国家都建立了比较完善的海上事故调查及审判制度,而我国以增进海上安全为目的的海上事故调查开始的比较晚,不仅在制度上不够完善,理论上的研究也尚显不足。对英国、美国、荷兰、日本和韩国的海上事故的调查及审判制度进行的比较研究,可以对我国的海上事故调查及审判制度的完善起到一定的借鉴作用。     

意外伤害保险研究

意外伤害保险以被保险人遭受意外伤害及其所致残废、死亡为承保责任范围。在界定意外伤害时,应当紧紧抓住外来性、偶然性和急剧性这三个特征,才能科学的认识意外伤害的内涵。