SPECIAL ISSUE： DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL INCOME IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY Who is the predator,who the prey？ --an analysis of changes in the state of China＇s national income distribution

本文以2004年经济普查后修订的资金流量表为基础，依次从国民收入的初次分配和再分配两个阶段，分析了1992—2005年期间我国国民收入在企业、政府和居民三部门之间分配格局的变化，重点讨论了自1996年以来居民收入占比下降的原因。在分析初次分配格局时，本文将每个部门的初次分配收入占比表示为各要素分配份额按各要素收入中该部门所占比重加权得到的加权平均值。利用这一表示方式，我们校正了资金流量表中的要素分配份额，重新计算了1993—2005年间的国民收入分配格局，并推算了2006和2007年的国民收入分配格局。测算结果表明，居民部门在全国可支配收入中的占比在1996年达到最高，此后逐年降低，截止N2005年，总共下降了12．72个百分点。在初次分配和再分配阶段，居民部门分别下降了10．71和2．01个百分点。与之相对应，企业和政府部门在初次分配中的占比分别上升了7．49和3．21个百分点；在再分配阶段，居民和企业部门收入占比都下降，由此导致政府部门进一步上升3．17个百分点。我们还发现，国民收入的要素分配中劳动收入占比下降和财产收入占比下降，是居民部门在国民收入初次分配中占比下降的两个主要原因。在2005—2007年间，主要受生产水净额占比上升的影响，居民部门在国民收入中占比进一步下降了3个百分点以上．     

论企业应收账款的内部管理

在市场竞争日趋激烈的情况下，赊销成为企业扩大销售的重要手段，也就此产生了应收账款。目前，拖欠企业账款的用户日益增多，应收账款的回收难度也越来越大，给企业造成经营上的风险．因此，企业应设立专门的信用管理部门，并与销售、财务部门对应收账款进行监控。对于存在的逾期应收帐款，企业应成立专门机构进行催讨，争取及时收回债权。管理好应收账款，有利于加快企业资金周转，提高资金使用效率，也有利于防范经营风险，维护投资者利益，促进经济效益的提高。     

国民核算中链式指数序列编制方法、国际经验与借鉴

在国民核算中广泛地应用到各种指数序列,其中国际标准意义上的链式指数序列比定基指数序列具有明显的优势,因而受到越来越多国家统计机构的青睐和选择,但实践中该指数序列的编制仍面临着一些问题。基于此,详细探讨了国民核算中链式指数序列的编制方法,尤其是季度链式指数序列的编制方法,同时就其实践中存在的主要问题进行分析,并据此进行相关比较与国际实践经验的归纳与概括,可获得一些供中国国民核算中编制链式指数序列时加以参考的方法与经验。     

The Association Between Aging Inmate Housing Management Models and Non-Geriatric Health Services in State Correctional Institutions

Abstract

Until quite recently, the Chinese pension system was an enterprise-based, pay-as-you-go, defined benefit scheme. In 1995, the decision was made to shift to a multi-pillar scheme that included a second funded defined contribution pillar. The transition is proving difficult.

This article outlines an alternative second pillar that may make more sense for China, a pay-as-you-go notional defined contribution (NDC) pillar. This article has three goals: (1) to provide a brief history of pension policy in China, (2) to describe the NDC model, and (3) to assess the relative merits of the NDC alternative as a possible option for China.     

新国民经济核算体系对统计改革的影响

根据中国市场经济目标模式的客观要求,以市场经济条件下更好地发挥统计的整体功能为目的,以统计资料的采集、传输、加工处理、开发应用为主线,剖析了现行统计与市场经济和新国民经济核算体系要求的反差,全方位探讨了新国民经济核算体系对统计改革的影响,并指出统计改革中应注意的几个问题     

“Faulty inspeciton” distributions

The distribution of the number of items observed to be defective in samples from a finite population. When detection of defectiveness is not certain, is obtained. The distribution of waiting time all a specified number of defective items is observed is also considered.

     

关于非货币性交易准则的几点思考

财政部于 2 0 0 1年重新修订后颁布的《企业会计准则———非货币性交易》 ,仍然存在与实际操作相互矛盾的地方 ,这一点可从非货币性交易范围、货币性资产和非货币性资产定义 ,以及换入资产涉及应收款项的会计处理等三方面来分析与探讨。     

Small-dollar accounts,children's college outcomes,and wilt

This is paper four of four in the Small-Dollar Children's Savings Account series, which studies the relationship between children's small-dollar savings accounts and college enrollment and graduation. This series of papers examines three important research questions using different subsamples: (a) Are children with savings of their own more likely to attend or graduate from college? (b) Does dosage (i.e., having no account, only basic savings, savings designated for school [of less than $1, $1 to $499, or $500 or more]) matte? And (c) is having savings designated for school more predictive than having basic savings alone? In this study we use a sample of children who expect to graduate college prior to leaving high school as a way of looking at wilt. In this study “wilt” occurs when a child who expects to graduate from college while in high school does not graduate college by 2009. Using propensity score weighted data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and its supplements we created multi-treatment dosages of savings accounts and amounts to answer the previous questions. We find that in the aggregate children who expect to graduate college prior to leaving high school (high-expectation children) and who designate savings for school of $500 or more are about two times more likely to graduate college than high-expectation children with no account. High-expectation low- and moderate-income (LMI) children who designate school savings of $1 to $499 and $500 or more are about three times more likely to graduate college than LMI children with no account. Further, high-expectation black children who have school savings of $500 or more are about two and half times more likely to graduate from college than their counterparts with no savings account.     

Small-dollar children's savings accounts and children's college outcomes by income level

This is paper two of four in the small-dollar children's savings account series in this issue that examines the relationship between children's small-dollar savings accounts and college enrollment and graduation. This series of papers uses different subsamples to examine three important research questions: (a) Are children with savings of their own more likely to attend or graduate from college; (b) Does dose (no account, only basic savings, savings designated for school of less than $1, $1 to $499, or $500 or more) matter; and (c) Is designating savings for school more predictive than having basic savings alone. Using propensity score weighted data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its supplements we created multi-treatment doses of savings accounts and amounts to answer these questions separately for children from low- and moderate-income (below $50,000; n = 512) and high income ($50,000 or above; n = 345) households. We find that low- and moderate-income children may be more likely to enroll in and graduate from college when they have small-dollar savings accounts with money designated for school. A low- and moderate-income child who has school savings of $1 to $499 prior to reaching college age is over three times more likely to enroll in college and four times more likely to graduate from college than a child with no savings account. These findings lead to policy implications that are also discussed.     

The independent effects of socio-demographic and programmatic factors on economic strain among parents in a Child Savings Accounts program

This study examines the independent effects of socio-demographic variables and program social services on the degree of economic strain among lower income parents who had an opportunity to open child savings in a subsidized savings accounts program known as Saving for Education, Entrepreneurship, and Downpayment (SEED). SEED is a policy, practice and research initiative designed to test the efficacy of and inform policy for a national system of asset-building accounts for children and youth. Findings suggest that overall, the degree of economic strain was not significantly different at baseline and at the second wave between parents who opened accounts and those who did not open accounts for their children. However, household income, having a household savings account, and receipt of means-tested welfare programs affected the degrees of economic strain. Implications are directed toward helping lower income families effectively participate in child savings programs.