西部地区社会保障体系的模式设计与理论创新

西部地区的经济发展需要社会保障制度为其构筑一道“安全网”。回顾西部地区社会保障的发展历史,从社会保障中几个重要指标出发对西部地区社会保障制度作出绩效评估、分析其原因,并且提出西部地区建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系的基本框架、实现路径、步骤与措施。     

发达国家议会预算监督的制度化实践及对我国人大的启示

公共预算是政府的血液和民主政治的核心,随着公众预算民主意识的觉醒．肩负公众受托责任的人大如何确保行政预算向公众负责是我国当前预算民主治理面临的重大挑战之一。以回应纳税人预算民主诉求为起源的发达国家议会预算监督经过多年的发展已为这一问题的解决树立了典范,把民主责任作为制度设计的起点、在完政层面进行预算权的民主化配置和操作层面控制技术及辅助资源的提升是其主要特征。以发达国家预算监督制度折射出的民主责任逻辑反观我国目前的实践,理念的更新、预算权的均衡化配置、中期财政预算控制的加强、多元监督合力的发挥等制度要素对于增强人大预算监督责任尤为关键。     

“倒按揭”养老模式的精算模型构建与应用

为了推进“倒按揭”养老模式在我国的发展,本文通过对“倒按揭”进行概念解析,构建了个体“倒按揭”精算模型和家庭“倒按揭”精算模型;利用两个模型,测算了固定房产值时的给付标准和固定给付标准时对房产值的要求,研究发现,实行“倒按揭”养老的警戒线为房产净价值136576元;当拥有房产价值227627元时,给付标准可达到城镇居民人均可支配收入水平。     

英、美、法三国行政诉讼外部调整机制比较

英美法系的典型代表国家英美两国与大陆法系的典型代表国家法国,在寻求和实现公平与效率的价值平衡方面殊途回归。原因在于三国各自逐渐建立起了一套有效平衡行政诉讼价值的调整机制。面对二战后行政扩张及与其相伴的行政纠纷的增加,英、美、法三国形成了包括行政机关自身的机制调整、立法机关的机制调整、非国家机关的监督机制调整等的外部调整机制。     

‘Allowed into a Man's World’ Meanings of Work–Life Balance: Perspectives of Women Civil Engineers as ‘Minority’ Workers in Construction

This article discusses how women working as civil engineers within the UK construction industry perceive work–life balance and considers strategies they use to achieve this. The findings are presented of a qualitative research project that explored the experiences of women in this role, focusing on the subcultural context of a profession that is dominated by the values of presenteeism and infinite availability. A feminist post‐structuralist framework is used to analyse how women negotiate their personal and professional time and the extent to which their other roles as carers and nurturers unsettle male work practices in this highly gendered profession. There are gradually increasing numbers of women in professional construction roles and their success appears to depend on being able to fit in to the dominant masculine culture of long working hours and the male pub gathering. Despite an increased presence, women's minority status in construction continues to challenge their professional identity and this is central to the conflict many face between the dual roles of corporate worker and private non‐work person.     

The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Work–life Conflict and Work Pressure in Ireland

Recent rapid economic growth in Ireland has been accompanied by a strong surge in the number of women in employment, and this has led to a significant increase in the proportion of dual‐earner families. These changes have brought the issue of reconciliation between work and care commitments to the fore. Flexible working arrangements in firms have been identified as one important means of balancing work and other commitments. In this article we investigate the relationship between four flexible working arrangements; flexitime, part‐time hours, working from home and job sharing, and two key employee outcomes; work pressure and work–life conflict, using data from the first national survey of employees in Ireland in 2003. Our results show that while part‐time work and flexitime tend to reduce work pressure and work–life conflict, working from home is associated with greater levels of both work pressure and work–life conflict. We conclude that it is important to distinguish between flexible working arrangements to discover their potential for reducing work pressure and work–life conflict.     

基于分群体非均衡推进的新型农村社会养老保险模式创新研究——以山东临沂农村养老保险为例

通过对山东省临沂市农村社会养老保险实施情况的研究以及探讨,提出一种新的制度模式——分群体非均衡推进。该制度主要针对不同的群体现状,先以计生户和失地农民为突破口,鼓励其主动参加社会养老保险,然后逐步带动其它群体加入到社会养老保险行列,最终实现全面覆盖。     

Stretching the borders: how international business travel affects the work–family balance

This study examined the consequences of international business travel for the balance between work–family domains by exploring how international business travellers and travellers’ partners manage the boundaries between work and family in order to maintain the balance. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used in analysing the semi-structured interviews of 10 male travellers and 10 partners. Because of its irregular nature, international business travel affects the personal life and the family of business travellers. Work-related travel also has an impact on how travellers and their partners construct, manage and negotiate borders between work and family in order to avoid an imbalance between these domains. Integration of work and family is usually inevitable in international business traveler families. Integration may lead to role blurring and thus lead to imbalance.     

Poking a sleeping bear: the challenge of organizational recruitment for controversial topics

ABSTRACT

Researchers often approach employers to investigate employees’ work and family experiences. Organizational willingness to grant access to employees can vary, especially when the research topic is seen as controversial or contentious for the employer. This paper explores this methodological challenge using a research example from Manitoba, Canada, which explored the use of parental leave by male employees and the impact of managerial attitudes and corporate culture on usage. Sixty large employers were recruited with only seven of those organizations agreeing to participate. In this paper, the reasons organizations gave for declining to participate and the implications of their decisions for the research are examined. Although the final sample included 905 managers and employees, participating organizations tended to be employee-focused and family-friendly employers. Organizations declined participation for a variety of reasons: avoiding raising the issue with unions, awareness that their policies unfairly benefited female leave takers, and simply not seeing the relevance of a topic relating to men’s work–family experiences. A dialogue often absent from the literature, it is important to understand how employers can limit researchers’ access to employees on controversial topics. The existence of such barriers suggests alternative avenues to recruit participants directly when topics are contentious for employers.     

‘The house belongs to both’: undoing the gendered division of housework

This article studies 28 dual-income Spanish childless couples who were undoing gender in routine domestic work. We understand ‘undoing gender’ as defined by Deutsch [(2007). Undoing gender. Gender & Society, 21, 106–127, p. 122]: ‘social interactions that reduce gender difference’. The dual-earner couples came from different socio-economic backgrounds and were interviewed in four different Spanish towns in 2011. The analysis shows that resources in a wide sense, time availability, external help, ideas about fairness, and complex gender attitudes are key interdependent factors that can weave together to form different configurations leading to a non-mainstream division of housework. All configurations were based on principles of gender equality: some couples found it fair to have a 50/50 division of domestic work, others a 50/50 division of all work (paid and unpaid); and a third group showed conflicts in practice. These couples’ ways of undoing gender illustrate the external, individual, and couple circumstances under which spouses are able to achieve a non-traditional construction of unpaid work.