经济学视角下的政府市场驾驭能力探析

政策失败是混合经济体制国家政府干预所面临的一个共同难题。本文从经济学角度对政策失败问题进行了实证分析,提出立足于市场需求、顺应市场规律提供政策供给,整合市场力量与政策力量,实现市场规律与政策效用的契合是防止和避免政策失败、提高政府市场驾驭能力的现实路径。     

试论犯罪的文化成因及防控

文化是社会上层建筑的组成部分,与特定的社会政治、经济生活形成相互作用。由于个人所处的社会环境因素千差万别,导致社会中出现各种文化集体,或相互类似、和谐,或相互矛盾、冲突。在文化的矛盾体中,进步文化与落后文化此消彼长。落后文化的蔓延、嚣张,必然严重影响整个社会风气,造成犯罪率直线上升,并给治安管理、打击犯罪带来极大的困难。本文从文化的视角探讨文化与犯罪的相互关系、犯罪生成的文化因素以及社会主义先进文化建设对于犯罪防控的积极作用。     

行政计划的法律控制研究

行政计划作为一种新兴的现代行政管理方式,其自身特点决定了在法律控制的方法上实体控制的局限与程序控制的优越,因而构建民主科学的计划程序从而将其纳入法制轨道已成为行政法学的一个重要课题.由于过去理论上的长期不重视与实践中的不规范操作,造成我国行政计划程序法制化程度十分落后,在了解这一现状并考察国外先进经验的基础上,我国应切实建立和完善行政计划程序立法.     

非常态下图书馆编目数据质量控制问题初探

论述了在非正常状态下影响编目数据质量的因素,提出了编目数据质量需要控制的主要内容以及提高编目数据质量的方法。     

Bayesian X̄ control limits for exponentially distributed measurements

This article deals with the construction of an X? control chart using the Bayesian perspective. We obtain new control limits for the X? chart for exponentially distributed data-generating processes through the sequential use of Bayes’ theorem and credible intervals. Construction of the control chart is illustrated using a simulated data example. The performance of the proposed, standard, tolerance interval, exponential cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponential exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control limits are examined and compared via a Monte Carlo simulation study. The proposed Bayesian control limits are found to perform better than standard, tolerance interval, exponential EWMA and exponential CUSUM control limits for exponentially distributed processes.     

Monitoring exponential data using two-sided control charts with runs rules

In this article, new two-sided control charts with runs rules, suitable for the monitoring of exponential data, are proposed and studied. The proposed schemes are suitable to identify changes (upward or downward) in the mean of an exponential distribution. Also, they have the desired in-control performance as well as unbiased performance. Guidelines for the most effective scheme in practice are provided, along with comparisons with other competitive schemes. Finally, the practical application of the proposed schemes is also discussed.     

The effect of autocorrelation on the retrospective X-chart

Quality control chart interpretation is usually based on the assumption that successive observations are independent over time. In this article we show the effect of autocorrelation on the retrospective Shewhart chart for individuals, often referred to as the X-chart, with the control limits based on moving ranges. It is shown that the presence of positive first lag autocorrelation results in an increased number of false alarms from the control chart. Negative first lag autocorrelation can result in unnecessarily wide control limits such that significant shifts in the process mean may go undetected. We use first-order autoregressive and first-order moving average models in our simulation of small samples of autocorrelated data.     

Measurement error effect on the CUSUM control chart

The performance of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart for the mean when measurement error exists is investigated. It is shown that the CUSUM chart is greatly affected by the measurement error. A similar result holds for the case of the CUSUM chart for the mean with linearly increasing variance. In this paper, we consider multiple measurements to reduce the effect of measurement error on the charts performance. Finally, a comparison of the CUSUM and EWMA charts is presented and certain recommendations are given.     

Identification and Estimation of Triangular Simultaneous Equations Models Without Additivity

This paper uses control variables to identify and estimate models with nonseparable, multidimensional disturbances. Triangular simultaneous equations models are considered, with instruments and disturbances that are independent and a reduced form that is strictly monotonic in a scalar disturbance. Here it is shown that the conditional cumulative distribution function of the endogenous variable given the instruments is a control variable. Also, for any control variable, identification results are given for quantile, average, and policy effects. Bounds are given when a common support assumption is not satisfied. Estimators of identified objects and bounds are provided, and a demand analysis empirical example is given.