康乾时期的官方修史活动与汉宋之学

由于政治统治的需要,康熙、乾隆二帝一方面尊崇程朱理学,提倡宋学;另一方面又重视汉学考证.他们这种汉、宋兼采的经学思想被贯彻到官方修史活动中,仿照朱熹《通鉴纲目》修纂了一批纲目体史籍,阐发清廷的正统之论、纲常之道和君臣之义,与此同时,又在官方其他史籍的修纂中贯彻了严密考订的求实精神.通过这些史书的修纂,清廷对宋学的义理说教进行了可靠的历史论证,把汉学治经的方法移植到官方修史之中,在义理发挥和严密考证两个方面占尽先机,既垄断了对历史的解释权,又披上了一层学术的外衣,不仅将经史之间的关系打通,而且影响了康乾时期学界对待汉、宋之学的态度.     

官本位批判论纲

当今中国，官本位渗透到政治、经济、思想文化等各个领域，已经形成官位（权力）拜物教。官本位与现代文明背道而驰，加重人民的负担，妨碍我国科技创新能力的提高，妨碍经济发展和精神文明建设，造成社会不公，危害党的执政地位。必须加快政治体制改革，铲除官本位，代之以民本位。     

诸葛亮“好为《梁父吟》”之再探索

陈寿《三国志》中因没有记载诸葛亮的《梁父吟》辞，由此引来近千年争议。笔者认为：诸葛亮之《梁父吟》，实与汉魏时期传承汉代乐府关系密切，而记载于唐人书中的辞也是不容置疑的。汉魏文人好借乐府旧题改制新诗，乃一时之风气，且他们的乐府诗中，又往往透出悲凉的感情。这是历史现实所为，还与当时人叹息人生易逝，生命短暂情感一致。诸葛亮好为此悲凉之辞，乃时风影响，反映出他珍惜生命的思想，向外传达出励志有为的信息。     

融媒体时代下医学院校官方微信公众号建设探析——以福建医科大学为例

探讨福建医科大学官方微信公众号在建设中遵循媒体规律、搭建服务功能、引领思想政治教育、传播校园文化的成效，分析其文章阅读量、传播指数WCI、推送位置和传播效果，结果表明，可基于新闻价值与信息性质准确传递思想内涵，以全程、全息、全员和全效为官微发展创新赋能，推进医学人文精神传播，构建思想政治教育融媒体的官微模式。     

汉代宫廷的“小儿官”

题东汉学者卫宏撰《汉旧仪》卷上说到＂小儿官＂职任。＂小儿官＂是内廷近侍身份,有＂持兵＂＂侍宿＂的责任。在特定情況下,可和帝王保持极其亲近的关系。作为能够提供反映当时内廷制度以及未成年人生活情状的信息,＂小儿官＂应当为官制史、宫廷史和未成年人生活史研究者关注。＂少为侍中＂史例,值得讨论＂小儿官＂时重视。有些被史家归于＂佞幸＂者的事迹,亦符合有关＂小儿官＂的记述。＂小儿官＂作为特殊的历史角色,从一个侧面反映了汉代宫廷生活的复杂情状。而对于汉代一些特殊的未成年人的生活情状和政治责任,也能够得以说明。     

The lost control and other mysteries: Further revelations on New Zealand's fluoridation trial

The Hastings fluoridation trial in the 1950s is listed in textbooks as an important study confirming the effectiveness of fluoridation. A paper to the 56th (1987) Congress of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science co‐authored by one of us (JC) showed, from government archives obtained under the Official Information Act, that the claimed tooth decay reductions were mainly the result of local changes in diagnostic procedure in school dental clinics, which were not mentioned in published versions of the study. The experimental control town, at first described as ‘ideal’, was abandoned following the discovery that after fluoridation commenced younger children had less tooth decay in the unfluoridated control town. Proponents claimed in explanation that a previously unknown soil factor had resulted in the control town having below average tooth decay. Opponents claimed that fluoride had worsened the teeth in the fluoridated town. This paper comments on reactions to the earlier published findings, and reports some further discoveries which help to answer questions concerning the old debate over the lost control, the behavior of those concerned and some other mysteries.     

唐代商人入仕途径考析

唐代商人入仕与前代相比较不仅数量增多,而且入仕多门。唐前期商人入仕途径主要有捐献财物、出任"斜封官"、以捉钱令史入仕、告密及受人提携而入仕;唐后期商人则可以通过"私觌官"制、朝廷卖官令、军功、科举、方镇辟署以及贿赂等手段跻身仕途。唐代商人入仕途径的演变既反映了唐代政治经济形势的变化,又彰显了他们不同于其他阶层的入仕特色。     

浅谈西夏公文文风与公文载体

西夏在学习中原王朝文化的同时, 也在不断地汲取周边各少数民族的文化精髓, 结合党项羌民族的实际和特点, 创造出了灿烂辉煌的西夏文化。西夏公文是西夏文化的奇葩, 在近二百年的发展过程中, 形成了自己的文风: 教化实用性增强, 艺术表现手法也更加丰富, 如骈体写作、叙议结合、具有现实主义风格和浪漫情调, 在写作上还增加了描写、对话等手法, 也将民间故事引入公文创作之中, 增强了公文的表现力。本文也对西夏公文载体进行了简单的探讨,说明西夏公文载体以纸质为主, 兼有金属、木质和石刻载体。     

Cluster-based multivariate outlier identification and re-weighted regression in linear models

A cluster methodology, motivated by a robust similarity matrix is proposed for identifying likely multivariate outlier structure and to estimate weighted least-square (WLS) regression parameters in linear models. The proposed method is an agglomeration of procedures that begins from clustering the n-observations through a test of ‘no-outlier hypothesis’ (TONH) to a weighted least-square regression estimation. The cluster phase partition the n-observations into h-set called main cluster and a minor cluster of size n?h. A robust distance emerge from the main cluster upon which a test of no outlier hypothesis’ is conducted. An initial WLS regression estimation is computed from the robust distance obtained from the main cluster. Until convergence, a re-weighted least-squares (RLS) regression estimate is updated with weights based on the normalized residuals. The proposed procedure blends an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of a complete linkage through the TONH to the Re-weighted regression estimation phase. Hence, we propose to call it cluster-based re-weighted regression (CBRR). The CBRR is compared with three existing procedures using two data sets known to exhibit masking and swamping. The performance of CBRR is further examined through simulation experiment. The results obtained from the data set illustration and the Monte Carlo study shows that the CBRR is effective in detecting multivariate outliers where other methods are susceptible to it. The CBRR does not require enormous computation and is substantially not susceptible to masking and swamping.     

从“亲亲相隐”到证人拒证权制度的建构

虽然我国现行《刑事诉讼法》规定了某些具有特定身份的证人免于强制出庭的义务,但我国并未因此而建立起证人拒证权制度。本文拟从“亲亲相隐”这一儒家传统礼法制度展开,认为无论是基于天理伦常的亲属拒证权,还是基于社会分工和职业伦理的职业拒证权,抑或为了保护国家秘密及公务秘密的公务拒证权,以及为了保护人权的不强迫自证其罪拒证权,在我国刑事诉讼法中均具相应的伦理基础和现实意义。进而,本文从证人拒证权的主体、拒证权行使程序及拒证权之例外情形诸方面,尝试对证人拒证权进行制度建构,认为近亲属、享有保密义务的专业人士、持有公务机密的公职人员或曾经担任公职的人员及可能因为作证而受到刑事追诉或处罚者,可以在整个刑事诉讼程序中拒绝以任何方式作证;但是,在证人自愿放弃拒证权,以及在某些严重危害国家安全和社会公共利益的犯罪中,或因证人兼具被害人或共犯等其他身份时,亦须对证人拒证权进行必要限制。