论行政处罚法上的便宜原则

便宜原则在我国行政处罚法上并无明文的依据,但在行政实务中却不乏采用。基于合理行政的要求,在行政处罚法上应当承认便宜原则。便宜原则作为法定原则的一种补充,应仅于特殊情形下适用。由于便宜原则授予了行政机关更加宽泛的自由裁量权,因此其在适用时必须受到严格的约束。在将来修订行政处罚法时,有必要对便宜原则作出明确的规定。     

与国际行政法的产生有关的几个基本问题——基于全球化、全球治理的视角

全球治理的提出源于全球化的推动,而全球治理的提出及实践则使国际行政法的产生、形成成为可能。具体而言,全球公民社会的兴起与国际非政府组织的发展是国际行政法产生的两个现实驱动因素。国际行政法的产生路径可总结为"自下而上"和"自上而下"的路径。国际行政法具有区别于国内行政法的若干明显特征,国际层面相比国内层面的很多特殊性也使得国际行政法的体系化发展面临诸多挑战。这些问题虽然不能忽视,但它们也并非不可克服。虽然国际行政法不如国内行政法成熟,但是如能改进合法性,便能够将超国家机构的全球治理职能发挥得更好。全球治理语境下国际行政法体系的产生、形成是一种历史的必然趋势。     

Sensitivity Analysis Using Risk Measures

In a quantitative model with uncertain inputs, the uncertainty of the output can be summarized by a risk measure. We propose a sensitivity analysis method based on derivatives of the output risk measure, in the direction of model inputs. This produces a global sensitivity measure, explicitly linking sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. We focus on the case of distortion risk measures, defined as weighted averages of output percentiles, and prove a representation of the sensitivity measure that can be evaluated on a Monte Carlo sample, as a weighted average of gradients over the input space. When the analytical model is unknown or hard to work with, nonparametric techniques are used for gradient estimation. This process is demonstrated through the example of a nonlinear insurance loss model. Furthermore, the proposed framework is extended in order to measure sensitivity to constant model parameters, uncertain statistical parameters, and random factors driving dependence between model inputs.     

地方高校学困生帮扶现状分析及对策

深入贯彻落实十九大精神，打赢教育战线上的脱贫攻坚战，实施帮扶确保学业困难学生顺利完成学业是每一位教育工作者义不容辞的责任。文章采取问卷调查和访谈相结合的方法对SL学院400名学业困难学生帮扶现状进行了调查，结果显示：学困生帮扶意愿强烈，倾向于向朋辈求助；学困生认为学校已经开展的帮扶很有必要，但效果有待于进一步提高；辅导员作为学校学困生帮扶的主要人员，对学生的帮扶深度不够，效果欠佳，亟待提出相应对策提升帮扶效果，帮助学困生顺利脱困。     

Measurement of the subjective work environment

Abstract

This paper considers the various issues that frame the development and use of measures of the subjective work environment. It begins by questioning the role of the work environment in determining occupational health, and explores the possible mechanisms by which that environment might exert its influence. It concludes that one of the important final common pathways is psycho-physiological in nature, and is rooted in individual perception and cognition and the experience of stress. Important for this model are the concepts of mediation and moderation. The measurement of the subjective work environment has often been idiosyncratic to the study in hand, and there are few well-established measures in common use. It is argued that researchers should be careful when deciding not to use established measures and effectively ‘invent’ their own. In developing new measures, decisions have to be made concerning the nature of the measure along with its ‘granularity’ and complexity. It is also argued that it is important that researchers should follow good psychometric practice in the development of those measures. Suggestions for ‘good practice’ are discussed. Attention is drawn to the issues of reliability and validity, and this paper discusses the role of triangulation in the planning and execution of data collection and analysis. The paper ends by reviewing the recommendations made towards the development and use of measures of the subjective work environment.     

The Detection of Influential Observations for Allocation,Separation, and the Determination of Probabilities in a Bayesian Framework

Normal theory separation and allocation problems are discussed from a predictive point of view. Influence statistics are defined and employed to ascertain the impact that particular observations will have on the inferential goals—allocation of future observations, separation between populations, and the determination of probabilities for future cases. Methods are illustrated on a collection of financial data taken from Johnson and Wichern (1982).     

元末顺帝时期“三农”问题研究

元末顺帝时期,政治腐败,＂三农＂问题突出,主要体现在农民生活困苦、农业生产落后、农村管理混乱、村社组织涣散等方面,腐败不堪的政府施政失败,导致了＂三农＂的相关政策执行不力,给当时的社会造成了严重影响,直接导致了元末经济的崩溃,同时激发了社会阶级矛盾和民族矛盾,加速了元朝的覆灭,还对明初的相关政策措施产生了深远的影响。     

关于实施非物质文化遗产保护工程的若干思考

非物质文化遗产的衰落是必然的,要做好保护工作,就要发掘其自身的生长要素,从而采取相宜的措施。这些措施主要有提高民众的自觉意识、实现可能的功能转换、政府的重视和支持等几个方面。实施非物质文化遗产保护工程,要防止只做“搭台”的角色、搞“官员工程”、脱离群众、不看对象搞“一刀切”、过度开发和文化造假。     

正确处理少数民族问题巩固了党的执政基础——建国初期的历史考察

建国初期,中国共产党对少数民族问题的正确处理与解决,不仅使各少数民族第一次获得了全面发展的权利和机会,也使得刚刚实现全国执政的中国共产党赢得了少数民族群众的拥护和支持,从而为此后的长期执政奠定了坚实而巩固的基础。建国初期,中国共产党正确处理少数民族问题的实践和经验,对于新时期构建和谐民族关系,巩固党的执政基础仍具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

民事诉讼行政介入的程序规制研究

规制行政介入司法尤其是民事司法,除了深化司法体制改革的体制规制路径,将行政机关意见表达纳入民事诉讼程序是其另一程序规制路径.程序规制具有公正审判权请求权、论辩式民事诉讼对话逻辑、诉权制约行政权、民事审判实质公开的“武器支撑”.“法庭之友”制度对民事诉讼行政介入具有程序规制作用,中国行政机关可以“法庭之友”身份参与民事诉讼、进行意见表达.行政机关担当“法庭之友”不会损害独立审判,相反有利于司法公正公开.行政机关担当“法庭之友”以维护公共利益为限,是新型诉讼参与人,应明确其诉讼权利义务,构建行政机关作为“法庭之友”参诉的具体程序.