行政体制改革动力的宪政经济学思考

宪政经济学尽管是一门规范研究的学科,但是其方法论的个人主义、理性选择、规则的选择和规则下选择的区分为行政体制改革提供了诸多的启示。采用宪政经济学的视角,当前的行政体制改革面临着内在动力不足、对改革本身没有制度约束、成本分摊不均、行政伦理和公民责任缺失等诸多难以突破的困境。本文主张必须对改革进行立宪选择的约束,充分尊重利益主体的改革诉求,加强伦理建设提供道德动力,重塑行政体制改革的动力机制推动行政体制的改革。     

以综合素质培养为目标的园林生态学课程考核模式

园林生态学是随着人们对其生存环境要求逐渐提高而出现的一门新兴边缘学科,它所涉及的学科门类繁多,且随着认识的深入学科种类在不断增多。园林生态学的考核方式则是其教育教学的最终方向引导,起着极为重要的作用。传统的考核方式主要以期末笔试考核为依据进行评定,对学生分析能力和创新意识的培养极为不利。在园林生态学课程的试卷考核、平时考核和实践考核三种考核模式上以综合素质培养为目标进行了探索性的尝试,提出了试卷考核采用题型多样、覆盖面广、灵活考核的题库模式;平时考核采用即时思考的提问模式;实践考核采用基本掌握和综合运用的作业模式。     

从温州“诉调对接”模式析专利纠纷行政调解的司法确认简

文章基于现行法律框架与执法实践，探讨司法确认专利纠纷行政调解的合理性与可行性，重点分析专利纠纷行政调解获得司法普遍确认的两种方式：赋予民事合同或强制执行的法律效力，并提出相关立法建议。     

行政生态学视域下我国知识产权管理制度的困境及重构

我国知识产权领域存在制度治理主体单一,知识产权行政管理机构重叠、管理效率低下,管理部门职能划分不清晰,管理机关多元化等问题,且知识产权法律体系中部门立法缺乏统一性和协调性,立法层次多,法律效力的差别与弱化并存。为此,在行政生态学视域下,重构一个良好的环境,实现知识产权制度健康发展,政府、企业与社会组织共同参与知识产权管理和多元治理,设立统一的管理机构,在国家的宏观主导下,加快高新产业的立法。     

从行政主体到功能标准：政府信息公开义务主体制度的反思与重构

全国各地成立的新冠肺炎疫情防控指挥机构在疫情信息公开方面发挥了重要作用，然而该议事协调机构并非我国法定的政府信息公开义务主体，原因在于我国行政主体理论的缺陷导致政府信息公开义务主体制度存在诸多现实困境。对此，基于我国经济社会政治现实和政府信息公开义务主体接受性考虑，应在与行政主体理论分离基础上，从功能标准考虑，以是否依法享有、行使公共行政管理职权作为我国政府信息公开义务主体制度重构逻辑，它具有不再脱离行政组织机构设置实际、不再过分注重行政法上的独立人格、不再局限于国家行政职权、不再局限行政主体和行政诉讼被告资格相合一等优势。在进行具体重构时，可从以公共行政管理职权“名”“实”相统一确立政府信息公开义务主体的“质”、以公共行政管理职权合法性明确政府信息公开义务主体的“量”、以最先受理原则应对政府信息公开义务主体受理权冲突等方面努力。     

A fair evaluation of certain stage in a two-stage structure: revisiting the typical two-stage DEA approaches

The efficiency of decision processes with a two-stage structure has been studied by some modified versions of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, such as the relational or centralized model, and the non-cooperative model. After revisiting the rationale of the centralized model provided by the literature, we find that some unfairness exist in its efficiency evaluation of certain stage. This unfairness leads to the usual underestimation of the overall efficiency by the centralized model. Furthermore, because the independent DEA model for one stage ignores its relation and coordination with the other stage and the two-stage system, externalities between these members may arise and lead to the seeming contradiction in efficiencies derived by independent DEA models for the stages and the black box system. Therefore, we argue that the efficiency of certain stage in the context of a two-stage structure should be reevaluated instead of simply using the independent DEA model. A sequence of leader-follower procedures, with data adjustment on intermediates, is proposed to eliminate the externalities and to ensure a fair evaluation. We find that, after this data adjustment, the reevaluation of the second stage for a given Decision Making Unit (DMU) yields the same result as obtained by the standard DEA model regarding the two-stage as a black box. Moreover, some explicit relations are established between the black box model, the centralized model, and the non-cooperative model. Two typical examples taken from the literature illustrate our main results. Our findings also imply that more emphasis should be placed on the game theoretic DEA approach to model the efficiency evaluation of two-stage processes.     

Γ-Optimal decision procedures for selecting the best population in randomized complete block design

In randomized complete block design, we face the problem of selecting the best population. If some partial information about the unknown parameters is available, then we wish to delermine the optimal decisin rule to select the best population.

In this paper, in the class of natural selection rules, we employ the Γ-optimal criterion to determine optimal decision rules that will minimize the maximum expected risk over the class of some partial information. Furthermore, the traditional hypothesis testing is briefly discussed from the view point of ranking and selecting.     

Reflections on Meanings and Applications of Social Justice

SUMMARY

This article conveys the author's personal thoughts, views, reflections, experiences, and observations about social justice. As a value and ideal, it is what social workers and activists work toward. As a goal and result, it is an unfinished product in most organizations, institutions, communities, and societies.     

公民环境权及其行政法治保障

公民环境权是公民的一项新的基本人权，是环境权中最基础最核心的权利，是环境行政法治的出发点和归宿。由于我国行政法治的不完善，公民环境权没有得到应有保障，因此，应建立健全行政法治保障体系，从法律上明确公民环境权，拓宽公民对环境行政的参与渠道，实现我国环境行政法治化。     

论行政自由裁量权行使的案例化

为使行政自由裁量权得到有效规范，可借鉴西方国家的判例制度，赋予我国一定级别的行政机关发布具有典型意义的行政指导案例，对法无明文规定、规定不明，或规定了较大裁量幅度，或具体行政行为易产生差异的案件，省级或以上的行政机关有权发布具有指导性质的行政案例，并赋予行政指导案例相应的法律效力，其他行政机关在处理类似情形时，应比照行政指导案例进行执法。这有利于统一执法标准，规范裁量权的行使．提高行政执法效率和水平．做到同案同处理．以实现法律的公平公正。