从“同出而异名”角度解读老子的“圣人与百姓”思想

在《老子》传统的解读中,并没有将圣人和百姓放在对等的立场上,而忽视百姓的存在。事实上在老子的思想里,圣人和百姓是没有优劣之分的,二者都是推动"道"正常运动的力量,缺一不可,只是圣人和百姓在道的运动过程中扮演着不同角色。正是因为二者的共存,道才显现出既幽远深邃又生机盎然的特征。圣人和百姓作为两种不同的生命存在方式,共同维持着"宇宙—生命"系统的通塞平衡。     

Training Strategies for Elder Abuse/Inadequate Care

A key component in the efforts to deal with elder abuse/inadequate care is the development of educational programmes for both the public and responsible staff. This article explores the development of training programmes that address the needs of adult learners in the caring professions. Central to the success of the training was the programme design that entailed three methods of teaching in response to the three ways adults learn. Participants acquired a knowledge base that will enable them to work in an environment with few legal directives.     

Reflections on 30 Years of Advocacy,Thinking, and Writing About Elderly Latinos

SUMMARY

The author reflects on over 30 years of thinking, writing, and advocating on behalf of elderly Latinos. Personal, cultural, and familial experiences are intertwined with implications for policy and practice. The impact of Latinos' generational socialization into American society is examined in relation to familial obligations to elderly relatives.     

Social Work with the Osteoporotic Woman

A chronic, progressive, and potentially debilitating condition, osteoporosis has a multitude of currently untapped implications for effective social work practice. A working knowledge of the medical framework of the disease process itself is a prerequisite to informed practice. This article presents such information, along with the psychological and social components, in order to provide the social worker with the comprehensive biopsyehosaial knowledge base necessary for effective practice with the osteoporotic woman and her family.     

Childless Elders in Assisted Living: Findings from the Maryland Assisted Living Study

We compared data drawn from a random sample of 399 current assisted living residents and a subsample of 222 newly admitted residents for two groups: childless residents and residents with children. The percentage of childless residents (26%) in our study was slightly higher than U.S. population estimates of childless individuals aged 65 years and older (20%). In the overall sample, the two groups differed significantly by age, race, and women's years of education. The childless group was slightly younger, had a higher percentage of African American residents, and had more years of education than the group with children. In the subsample, we looked at demographic, functional, financial, and social characteristics and found that childless residents reported fewer diagnoses of dementia and fewer visits from a relative but more reported paying less money per month for assisted living and having private insurance than residents with children. As childlessness among older adults continues to increase, it will become increasingly important to understand how child status affects the need for and experience of long-term care.     

中原贫民亡入匈奴地区谋求生存

中原贫民违反汉禁亡入匈奴地区者大量存在,虽有严刑峻法障塞哨卡亦不能完全阻断。出塞攻略匈奴的中原将士多留没不还,其子孙亲戚仍在中原而生活贫困者都愿意亡出塞外去谋求生存。中原农民赋役负担过于繁重:力役兵徭苛捐杂税几十倍于古,产子3岁须出口钱,连续23年的大面积严重黄河水患及皇帝官吏的无度奢靡敲骨吸髓,致使他们常衣牛马之衣而食犬彘之食,不少人因饥寒冻饿而死,或至人相食。破产农民流亡就食他乡被诬指为盗贼,并以军兴之法无情镇压。匈奴地区的管理相对宽松。匈奴中有不少来自中原的“秦人”。     

试析党项妇女的强悍之风

强悍是党项妇女的一种特殊风气,主要表现为她们喜好复仇、尚武参战、恣行攻掠、乐于参政、殉情现象等等。文章认为,党项妇女的强悍风谷是当时复杂的经济、政治等多种因素长期作用的产物,体现了古代西北社会强悍勇武的特有民风。     

德昂族生活习俗的变迁 --德昂族经济和社会发展研究报告之三

本文通过考察德昂族村寨民居、服饰、饮食等文化现象,来描述德昂族生活习俗的特点、习俗的变迁及所受影响因素,并对这种变迁进行了一定的思考.     

驮娘江流域壮族的欧贵婚姻

在桂滇交界地带驮娘江流域的约 30万壮族人中 ,至今仍盛行着一种女娶男嫁、男从女居的婚姻形式 ,壮语称之为“欧贵”。在实行欧贵婚姻的社会里 ,没有婆媳、姑嫂、妯娌的关系 ,夫妻和睦 ,家庭和气 ,社会和谐。欧贵婚姻具有传宗接代、养老抚幼、调济家庭男女余缺、保障穷人婚配等功能。稻作农业和相对封闭的环境是欧贵婚姻得以长期存在的条件。现在 ,欧贵婚姻已同当代社会自然接轨 ,成为自主婚姻的一个组成部分     

赫哲族伦理道德初探

赫哲族的伦理道德是赫哲族人民的宝贵精神财富,它在赫哲族人民的精神生活中起着直接的规范性作用。这也表明赫哲族是一个极为讲究伦理道德的民族,其伦理道德既是中华民族传统伦理道德不可分割的组成部分,又具有自身鲜明的特点。赫哲族伦理道德在赫哲族人的生活习俗、民间文学等诸多方面都有十分具体的体现。在社会主义精神文明建设中,对赫哲族伦理道德的特点进行分析,取其精华,弃其糟粕,通过吸收和改造,使赫哲族的传统道德和社会主义道德相统一,是本文研究的主旨。