大数据在重大行政决策中的应用及其法治化

大数据在重大行政决策领域的应用,属于技术理性与决策规则的有机融合。凭借信息来源与技术革新,大数据可赋予传统决策向数字化转型的新动能。大数据的应用贯穿于重大行政决策始终,在市场监管、环境保护等多类事项中所发挥的实践优势较为明显,能够推动决策的高效化、提升决策的精准度、增强决策机关之间的联动。然而,大数据应用可能会引发决策安全的隐忧、个人数据存在的空间被挤压以及决策失误的责任承担等难题。对前述问题提出对策的过程,实乃数据治理向治理数据的转变,此阶段不能欠缺法律法规的引导,应尝试从决策数据安全体系的法治保障、个人数据的法律保护、决策责任追究机制的科学建构等层面去推动大数据应用的法治化。     

大学生素质教育项目化管理体系的构建

项目化管理本是工程学、管理学中的一个重要概念,被引入高校学生素质拓展中,既可以使校内外的人力、物力、信息、资金等多方面资源达到最优化配置,也可以激发学生的积极性和创造性,提高学生参与校园文化建设的效率和质量,为高校学生素质拓展和校园文化建设提供了一个具有重要意义的体制模式.     

关于我国权力机关行政法制监督的思考

行政法制监督作为一种法律制度,是依法行政和行政法制化的重要内容。权力机关作为国家行政法制监督的主体,其对行政的监督是行政法制监督的重要方面。我国的权力机关是指全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会。它在我国现行的行政法制监督中发挥着巨大作用,但随着社会主义民主法制的运行和市场经济的发展,权力机关的行政法制监督也呈现出不足和弊端。     

南京国民政府公务员考选制度的近代化意义

南京国民政府公务员考选制度是中国历史上第一个准现代化的人事考试制度,考选人才方面既吸收了古代考试的公平精神又采纳了西方文官考试的先进理念,具备了近代化的特征。从人才的选拔看具备了公平性,但体制的缺陷使其任用的成效不尽人意,阻碍了它近代化的进程。     

地方政府购买公益性法律服务：方式、挑战与路径选择

地方政府购买公益性法律服务既是深化服务型政府建设、转变政府职能之需要,也是贯彻落实党的十八届三中、四中、五中全会和十九大报告精神之具体体现。从实践来看,项目招标制和项目资助制业已成为地方政府购买公益性法律服务的主要方式,但是,公益性法律社团发育程度低、服务购买范围模糊、保障机制不健全,以及政府监管能力薄弱等因素日益对地方政府购买公益性法律服务构成严峻挑战。为此,建议从购买方式的选择、购买范围的界定、保障机制的夯实、法律服务社团的培育,以及政府监管能力的强化等方面入手,构建综合性的政策框架,以推动地方政府购买公益性法律服务朝着健康有序的方向发展。     

关于做好电视成就报道的思考

文章着重探讨了电视成就报道的创新方法,在理念上提出以个性化的受众为中心、结合电视传播特点、贴近工作实际;具体方法上则提出以四个方面为突破口,即:通过个人化的视角,贴近生活;用理性思维诠释热点;用情节化的叙述,加深人们的理解;调动多种电视表现手段,增强视觉冲击力.     

司法工作人员参与无身份者实施真正身份犯的共犯成立类型研究

根据共犯处罚的根据论中的修正惹起说,以及对实行行为的实质理解,在司法工作人员参与无身份者实施以司法工作人员身分作为构成要素的真正身份犯时,司法工作人员只能构成间接正犯,而不能构成教唆犯。而无身份者只能构成帮助犯,不能构成实行犯。     

西部少数民族地区依法治理工作机构的困惑与完善

依法治国是一项伟大的社会系统工程,依法治理是依法治国的具体化。本文结合西部少数民族地区依法治理工作机构的实际情况,提出应当将工作机构实体化、工作职责法定化、工作程序规范化、法律责任完备化,才能真正促进依法治理工作的进一步发展。     

Payment by results in international development: Evidence from the first decade

Payment by results is a relatively new way of giving development aid, where a recipient's performance against pre‐agreed measures determines the amount of aid they receive. Advocates for the mechanism argue it provides donors with both a ready justification for maintaining aid budgets and better results through innovation and autonomy. It has proved popular, with most bilateral aid donors having at least experimented with the mechanism and the variety of measures stretching from individual health workers being paid for each procedure, to national governments being paid for students' test scores. However, there has not been a robust assessment of whether Payment By Results (PbR) achieves its aims for greater effectiveness. I synthesize the evidence from eight projects fully or partially funded by DFID, the recognized world leader on PbR. This represents the best evidence currently available, and is critically analysed using the leading theoretical framework that breaks each agreement into its constituent parts. I find no evidence that PbR leads to fundamentally more innovation or autonomy, with the overall range of success and failure broadly similar to other aid projects. This may partly be due to the current use of Payment by Results, with no readily identifiable examples of projects that truly meet the idealized PbR designs. Advocates of PbR may thus conclude the idea is yet to be tested. I argue PbR does not deal with the fundamental constraints that donors face, and so it is unsurprising that PbR is subject to the normal pressures that affect all aid spending.     

Getting low educated and older people into work: The role of fiscal policy

Raising employment, in particular employment among older individuals and low educated individuals, stands high on the agenda of policy makers in many OECD countries. Increased sensitivity in recent years to rising inequality has made the challenge only larger. In this paper we evaluate alternative fiscal policy scenarios to face this challenge. We construct and use an overlapping generations model for an open economy where individuals differ not only by age, but also by innate ability and human capital. The model allows us to study effects on aggregate employment, per capita income and welfare, as well as effects for specific age and ability groups. We show that well-considered fiscal policy changes can significantly improve macroeconomic productive efficiency, without increasing intergenerational or intragenerational welfare inequality. Our results strongly prefer a reduction in the labor tax rate on older workers and on all low-wage earners, financed by an overall reduction in non-employment benefits. An alternative financing option is to raise the consumption tax rate. These results are to be seen as long-run effects for economies at potential output.