特许协议争议的条约管辖与合同管辖：冲突、典型案例及解决

传统理论认为特许合同的争议应由当事人指定的管辖机构,主要是东道国法院管辖。然而基于投资条约建立的国际仲裁庭也可因为投资仲裁的无默契性特点,合同请求与条约请求的划分以及条约中的保护伞条款主张对特许合同争议的管辖,由此引起特许协议争议的合同管辖与条约管辖之间积极的管辖冲突。在条约中限制仲裁庭的管辖权,要求投资者放弃替代管辖权以及适用司法礼让的原则可以较好地解决这种冲突。     

Same-Sex Marriage and the Boundaries of Diversity: Will Marriage and Family Therapy Remain Inclusive of Religious and Social Conservatives?

The expanding legalization of same-sex marriage in the Western World may pose significant challenges for the relationship between many religious and socially conservative marriage and family therapists and their professional associations. In the present analysis, I look to the field of moral psychology, particularly Haidt's Moral Foundations Theory, to provide greater clarity regarding the nature of this tension and a resultant tightening of the boundaries of acceptable diversity that could ensue. I then outline some concerning indicators from mental health associations relative to their potential willingness to tolerate conservative perspectives in meaningful ways and identify some specific areas of possible tension for conservative therapists trying to integrate their deeply held moral values into ethical practice with same-sex couples, with a specific reference to the viability of “conscience clauses” and values-based referrals. I conclude with some recommendations through which the field of marriage and family therapy can reduce the potential for conflicts and thereby reassure these clinicians that they continue to be welcomed even if their vision of marriage differs from that which is formally endorsed by their professional associations.     

状语主位化的语篇功能及其认知理据

状语主位化是一种能产生语篇效应的语言手段,它具有五种语篇功能：语篇背景设定功能、语篇语义凸显功能、语篇话题导入功能、语篇信息焦点对比功能、语篇衔接功能。依照认知语言学中图形一背景关系理论,主住化的状语是背景成分。在语言运用过程中,状语主位化具有突显小句图形和强调已知背景的作用。     

试析英语定语从句的汉译方法

英语定语从句翻译是英语学习中的一个难点。本文从英汉语言对比角度,分析了英汉两种语言的差异,并通过实例阐述了英语定语从句的翻译方法。     

官场人性勘探者的勘探——王跃文官场小说研究述评

王跃文致力于官场人性的勘探与表现,其创作受到了学界的高度关注与重视,研究者围绕着题材选择、主题构成、人物形象、叙事方式、创作特色以及创作缺失等方面对其创作进行了深入探究。同时,研究中也存在着一些明显的缺憾甚至空白,诸如对其创作观念、创作心理的研究以及比较研究不足,研究的同质化倾向严重等等,研究亟待进一步深入和完善。     

英语双谓语结构及相关特征研究

一般说来 ,英语谓语可以分为三类 :简单谓语、复合谓语和双谓语。双谓语结构为“实意动词 +后续成分” ,其中 ,实意动词可以是持续性的 ,也可以是非持续性的 ,但大多数情况下不及物 ;可充当其后续成分的有形容词、过去分词、现在分词、名词、介词短语及从句。双谓语并不等于“复合谓语” ,可以用“删除法”和“替代法”来加以区别。双谓语与外位成分有些相似 ,但它们无论在结构、构成还是功能方面都有差别。本文还探讨了谓语的后续成分与状语的区别。     

If状语从句的理解及其汉译研究

同一连词可以引入不同的从句。文章讨论了主从连词 if引出的各种状语从句 ,一般语法书和教科书介绍 if状语从句时 ,通常只说明它是用来表示条件的条件状语从句 ,探讨了 if状语从句的深层含义 ,分析归纳出它在实际使用中表示假设、条件、时间、让步以及原因的五种功能 ,列举了该词的一些变异形式及用法 ,同时探讨了 if状语从句的不同汉译方法     

英语尾置前置词教学引起的思考

英语尾置前置词一般由不及物动词加上一个或几个必要的介词组成。这种带介词的不定式短语在句中通常作定语成分。有些词既可用作介词,也可以用作副词小品词;有些词只能用作介词;还有些词只有副词小品词的功用,而没有介词的功用。     

中英渔船商业保险条款的比较

以中英渔船商业保险条款为基础,比较分析两国条款相关规定的差异,指出中国渔船商业保险制度下的各权威渔船保险条款在保险标的范围、保险责任和除外责任等方面界定的局限性,并有针对性地提出相应建议,以期更好地促进中国渔船商业保险的发展。     

Horn Clause Computation with DNA Molecules

In this paper, we will propose Horn clause computation as an underlying computational framework of DNA computer. Horn clause program is a subclass of the formulas of first order logic and has close relation to PROLOG language. The computational power of Horn clauses was discussed in (Tärnland, 1977) and it was shown that a finite set of Horn clauses is computationally equivalent to Turing Machine. Furthermore, it should be noted that Horn programs are adequate for representing nondeterministic computation. Thus, its parallel implementation with huge number of molecules might have possibility to overcome the computational power of conventional computers. It should also be noted that the clear logical semantics of Horn programs might enable us to accept it as a higher-level programming language of DNA computer. The aim of this paper is to propose an experimental method for implementing deduction with a subclass of Horn programs, called simple Horn programs. The computational power of this model is theoretically investigated and demonstrated with some applications to NP-complete problems.