Cellular Automata‐Based Systematic Risk Analysis Approach for Emergency Response

Emergency response is directly related to the allocation of emergency rescue resources. Efficient emergency response can reduce loss of life and property, limit damage from the primary impact, and minimize damage from derivative impacts. An appropriate risk analysis approach in the event of accidents is one rational way to assist emergency response. In this article, a cellular automata‐based systematic approach for conducting risk analysis in emergency response is presented. Three general rules, i.e., diffusive effect, transporting effect, and dissipative effect, are developed to implement cellular automata transition function. The approach takes multiple social factors such as population density and population sensitivity into consideration and it also considers risk of domino accidents that are increasing due to increasing congestion in industrial complexes of a city and increasing density of human population. In addition, two risk indices, i.e., individual risk and aggregated weighted risk, are proposed to assist decision making for emergency managers during emergency response. Individual risk can be useful to plan evacuation strategies, while aggregated weighted risk can help emergency managers to allocate rescue resources rationally according to the degree of danger in each vulnerable area and optimize emergency response programs.     

印度高等教育规模扩充的驱动因素分析

高等教育规模扩充受多重因素的驱动。在1950—1970年的20年间，印度的高等教育经历了大规模的扩充，持续扩充背后的驱动因素有哪些？本文从不同的角度出发，分析了驱动印度高等教育规模扩充的深层因素。     

中国旅游业增长的要素贡献率

为了解旅游业生产要素贡献情况，促进增长方式转变，利用中国旅游企业1996-2005年的时间序列数据，采用丹尼森要素分析法，对影响中国旅游业发展的各要素进行了分析研究。结果表明：旅游业此间取得的发展很大程度上是依靠劳动力投入来获得，增长方式落后。而资本及其效率。技术、管理等全要素生产率非常低，成为制约整个产业发展的严重问题。     

大学生考试作弊的客观原因及对策

导致大学生考试作弊的原因有主观和客观两个方面,其中客观原因是导致考试作弊非常重要但却往往被人们忽视的方面,其主要体现为不合理的课程设置和激励机制、教学评价的局限性、不良的社会因素和社会压力以及考试法律制度的不健全等方面。针对这些客观原因,相应的对策应当是优化课程体制,还学习自主权给学生;建立多元的激励系统,改善对学生的激励机制;完善教学评价体系,健全考试机制;抵制社会不良风气,减轻学生的社会压力;完善考试的相关法律制度,依法治考。     

Alterations in IGF-I affect elderly: role of physical activity

The growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis is an important physiological regulator muscle for development. Although there is evidence that aging muscle retains the ability to synthesize IGF-I, there is also evidence that aging may be associated with attenuation of the ability of exercise to induce an isoform of IGF-I that promotes satellite cell proliferation. However, it is clear that overexpression of IGF-I in the muscle can protect against age-related sarcopenia. Strength training appears to be the intervention of choice for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. IGF-I has been implicated in the loss of the muscle with age, and IGF-I expression levels change as a consequence of strength training in older adults. However, it seems that advancing age, rather than declining serum levels of IGF-I, appears to be a major determinant of life-time changes in body composition in women and men. We concluded that resistive exercise is a significant determinant of muscle mass and function. Elevated levels of IGF-I have been found in physically active compared to sedentary individuals. Recent work suggests that IGF-I as a mediator plays an important role in muscle hypertrophy and angiogenesis, both of which characterize the anabolic adaptation of muscles to exercise.     

高等学校管理者要树立以效益为主的管理指导思想

如何合理配置教育资源，进一步加快高等学校的发展，是时代发展的迫切需要，也是高等学校自身的要求。高等教育的双重属性、高等教育非义务教育、市场经济的迅猛发展和高等学校自身需要改革决定了高等学校管理者只有树立以效益为主的管理指导思想，才能引领高等学校不断前进，适应形势和需求。高等学校管理者可通过更新观念、追求质量与效益的统一、建立科学易行的指标评估体系、实行高校内部管理体制的综合改革、优化专业结构和扩大规模来提高办学效益，实现质量、效益的协调发展。     

河南省经济增长贡献因素的实证研究:1978-2005

测算河南不同时期生产要素的产出弹性的结果表明:四个时期河南资本投入保持了非常高的产出弹性,而劳动和科技投入的产出弹性出现较大波动,河南省的就业结构以及科技创新的实力都有待改进和提高。     

中国恩格尔系数下降原因新探

在使用恩格尔系数评价某个国家或地区某个阶段的生活贫富状况时，要结合恩格尔系数的具体影响因素，分清其下降的真正原因。论文从恩格尔系数的计算公式出发，认为它的基本影响因素是物价、品种数、各种消费品或劳务的购买量。利用因子分析法分析了导致居民恩格尔系数下降的五种可能的原因，并联系实际具体阐释。     

Assessing the cumulative effects of stress: The association between job stress and allostatic load in a large sample of Chinese employees

Job stress can lead to various system dysfunctions, but until now no reliable biomarkers for its assessment have been identified. Allostatic load (AL) is an index that enables the cumulative effect on the body of chronic stress to be assessed, and is derived from a set of relevant biological measures. In this study, a 13-parameter index (building on the original 10-item index) was used to examine the relationship between job strain and AL. Participants were 1219 healthy Chinese employees. Job strain was measured using the Job Content Questionnaire, and AL was assessed by various possible stress responses, including blood pressure, cholesterol, indicators of glucose metabolism, and hormone and inflammation markers. AL in the high job strain group differed sharply from that in the low job strain group. The AL score was positively associated with age and educational level. Several individual parameters also differed between the two groups. Men scored significantly higher on AL and cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes, whereas for women the associations appeared in the biological indicators. Analyses indicated that decision latitude (DL) and job demands were significantly related to AL. Job demands correlated significantly with the primary biological indicators and DL with the secondary health outcomes. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the value of measuring allostatic load in assessing the chronic effects of job stress.     

Identifying Dispersion Effects in Robust Design Experiments—Issues and Improvements

The two experimental methods most commonly used for reducing the effect of noise factors on a response of interest Y aim either to estimate a model of the variability (V(Y), or an associated function), that is transmitted by the noise factors, or to estimate a model of the ratio between the response (Y) and all the control and noise factors involved therein. Both methods aim to determine which control factor conditions minimise the noise factors' effect on the response of interest, and a series of analytical guidelines are established to reach this end. Product array designs allow robustness problems to be solved in both ways, but require a large number of experiments. Thus, practitioners tend to choose more economical designs that only allow them to model the surface response for Y. The general assumption is that both methods would lead to similar conclusions. In this article we present a case that utilises a design based on a product design and for which the conclusions yielded by the two analytical methods are quite different. This example casts doubt on the guidelines that experimental practice follows when using either of the two methods. Based on this example, we show the causes behind these discrepancies and we propose a number of guidelines to help researchers in the design and interpretation of robustness problems when using either of the two methods.