The contribution of supervisor behaviour to employee psychological well-being

Many employees affirm that supervisors affect employee well-being, and research has demonstrated associations between supervisor behaviour and employee psychological well-being. However, what hasn't been clear is the extent to which the association with supervisor behaviour compares with that of other variables known to affect well-being. This exploratory study addresses that issue. Our hypothesis was that supervisor behaviour can contribute to the prediction of psychiatric disturbance beyond the contribution of other influential variables. We created a new, questionnaire-based instrument to measure supervisor behaviour. We tested our hypothesis using stepwise regression with a convenience sample of 167 men and women working in a variety of organizations, occupations, and industries in the USA. Results supported our hypothesis: supervisor behaviour made a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of psychiatric disturbance beyond a step-one variate comprised of age, health practices, support from other people at work, support from home, stressful life events, and stressful work events. This provides additional evidence that supervisor behaviour can affect employee well-being and suggests that those seeking to create healthier workplaces should not neglect supervision. We believe that there is now ample justification for those concerned with psychosocial working conditions to consider supervisor behaviour as a potentially influential variable.

Furthermore, we believe that we have presented a new instrument for assessing supervisor behaviour that has the potential to be of value in future studies.     

技术入股的效率及推进技术股份化的对策建议

允许科技人员以技术入股参与企业的剩余分配,对激励科研人员进一步开发科研成果和提高企业价值具有持续的作用。本文分析了技术入股的效率和制约技术入股的障碍因素,在此基础上有针对性地对推进技术入股提出了若干建议。     

试论网络开发西部农村

网络开发西部农村就是以网络技术为途径 ,使西部农村融入网络社会 ,即而使其社会、经济、文化全面发展 ,使之实现现代化的开发方式。它具有时代性、综合性、易操作性和强互动性的特点。网络开发西部农村要具备一定的条件、通过一定的方法才会取得成果。黄羊川的例证表明 ,网络开发西部农村是农村现代化一种可行的方式。     

影响网络信息检索结果的非技术因素分析

在网络上,有时正确的检索技术和方法并不能获得预想的结果。本文着重分析了影响网络信息检索结果的非技术因素并提出几点治理设想。     

Unified Conditional Frequentist and Bayesian Testing of Composite Hypotheses

Testing of a composite null hypothesis versus a composite alternative is considered when both have a related invariance structure. The goal is to develop conditional frequentist tests that allow the reporting of data-dependent error probabilities, error probabilities that have a strict frequentist interpretation and that reflect the actual amount of evidence in the data. The resulting tests are also seen to be Bayesian tests, in the strong sense that the reported frequentist error probabilities are also the posterior probabilities of the hypotheses under default choices of the prior distribution. The new procedures are illustrated in a variety of applications to model selection and multivariate hypothesis testing.     

Supply and Demand Factors in the Fertility Decline in Matlab, Bangladesh in 1977–1999

A model family planningprogramme started as a component of areproductive and child health project in partof Matlab (the Intervention area), a rural areaof Bangladesh, in 1977 while another part ofMatlab served as a comparison area. Thepaper analyses data from a vital registrationsystem, censuses and sample surveys, and usesboth cross-sectional and longitudinaltechniques of analysis. The supply factoralone, i.e., the model family planningprogramme, contributes substantially to theobserved decline in fertility in theIntervention area. Of the several demandfactors (indicators of socio-economic status)studied, women's education has the largestimpact on the fertility decline. A veryimportant role in the fertility decline isplayed by changes in attitudes towardsfeasibility and acceptability of birth control.The overall conclusion is that not only thesupply factor, but also demand factorscontribute to the fertility decline observed inthe Intervention area. Due to limitations instudy design and data, we cannot provide aprecise, quantitative answer to the question onthe specific contributions of both types offactors.     

从体育文化节看传统校运会的改革

通过对体育文化节与传统校运会的比较,指出传统校运动会的改革已势在必行,同时提出传统运动会向体育文化节转轨的措施。     

Bartlett's Test Applied to Variance Component Models

Exact methods for testing equality between variance components obtained from several cases of the same type of balanced orthogonal design are discussed. In particular, methods for successively testing equality of a number of components using Bartlett's tests are outlined for univariate and multivariate responses. Two clinical trial examples of repeated‐measures data are presented.     

Bayesian estimation of cognitive decline in patients with alzheimer's disease

Recently, there has been great interest in estimating the decline in cognitive ability in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Measuring decline is not straightforward, since one must consider the choice of scale to measure cognitive ability, possible floor and ceiling effects, between-patient variability, and the unobserved age of onset. The authors demonstrate how to account for the above features by modeling decline in scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam in two different data sets. To this end, they use hierarchical Bayesian models with change points, for which posterior distributions are calculated using the Gibbs sampler. They make comparisons between several such models using both prior and posterior Bayes factors, and compare the results from the models suggested by these two model selection criteria.     

影响我国工业企业资产负债率变化的因素分析

资产负债率是反映工业企业负债经营相对规模的衡量尺度 ,也是反映债权人资产经营风险的重要指标。运用企业合理资产负债率的数学模型 ,计算 1998年和 1999年我国工业企业按行业划分的合理资产负债率数据 ,并与当年企业实际资产负债率数据进行对比分析。同时运用该数学模型和因素分析法对影响我国工业企业负债率的各因素进行分析 ,得出一系列相应的结论。