高校图书馆文献资源的开发与利用

高校图书馆拥有极其丰富和宝贵的文献资源,如何对其进行开发与利用是一个迫切需要解决的课题。高校图书馆必须充分认识其必要性,通过多种途径对文献资源进行开发与利用。     

Supportive Group Interventions with Caregivers of Frail Older Adults

The use of supportive group interventions with caregivers of frail older adults is discussed in this article. Four categories of group interventions are described: (1) mutual support groups, (2) psychoeducational groups, (3) social, recreational and educational groups, and (4) service and advocacy groups. Research evidence on the efficacy of group interventions with this population is also considered. Recommendations are made on when to refer caregivers to support groups and on what type of support group is most appropriate. Consideration by practitioners and program planners of a broader range of types of supportive groups is also encouraged.     

Retrospective Reasons for the Initiation of Substance Use

ABSTRACT

Evidence for comorbidity in psychiatric disorders and chemical depend ency suggests that peopie with ad dietion problems use drugs and alcohoito cope with painful affeetive states and symptoms. At the same time, sus tained chem i cal use may also lead to fur ther dam age and mimic symp toms of dis or ders. This study was de signed to build knowledge about the rea sons in-patient and out-patient sub stance abus ers in treatment initially use, and to test if there were dif fer ences be tween gender and eth nie (White non-His panic and Af ri can-Amer i can) groups. Findings in di cated that peo pie not only started using drugs and al co hoi to en hance af feetive states, they also were likely to use chem i cals as a way to cope with pain ful, af feetive symp toms. Gender seemed to play a salient role than ethnieity in that fe males of either ethnieity were more likely than males to end or se items relating to the management of negative af feetive states, for enhancement of skills and prob-lem-solving abilities, and for per ceived lack of alternatives. Implications of this study are provided.     

Gender,Widowhood, and Long-Term Care in the Older Mexican American Population

SUMMARY

The objective of this study is to examine the influences of gender on long-term care service use among older Mexican American widows and widowers. Our analysis is based on a sample of 773 widows and 183 widowers from the Longitudinal Study of Elderly Mexican American Health (H-EPESE). In this sample widows resemble widowers in terms of demographic and health characteristics. However, widows report more financial strain than widowers and a greater welfare dependency (SSI) and Medicaid use. Among those who suffered diminished health, widows were more likely than widowers to use community-based long-term care services whereas widowers were more likely to enter a nursing home. Widows also had more instrumental and socioemotional support than widowers. Serious cognitive and functional impairment, though, places widows and widowers at the same risk of institutionalization. We end with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings.     

《墨经》"义,利也"校诂

《经》文以“利”释“义”,即用“利”字为“义”下定义;意思是:凡“义”即“利”而非非利,非“利”则非“义”。《经说》三句:(１)“芬”字,毕沅释为“美”,是;其他还有一些解法,则不必是。(２)原文本无讹误,下一“能”字,实应训“安”,是把“义”定义为“能安利”“天下”。(３)墨子实在是十分汲汲于用世的,虽又主张“爱民者非为用”,但并未绝对地排斥“用”,“非为用”也绝不是“必不用”;这里的意思是,“利”天下不是为了“用”天下,即“不必用”而“利之”,是“以天下为芬”而“利之”的。     

从"中体西用"到改革开放--中国现代化历程的回顾与思考

自十九世纪中叶起,探索救国与强国之路,是摆在中国人面前的一个重大课题。本文从思想认识演化的角度,纵线条观察分析了从现代洋务运动到今天改革开放,中国人对现代化的认识过程,以期得到一些有益的历史借鉴和思想启迪。     

西汉乐府的职能演变及其名称的沿用

乐府与太乐是秦汉之际两大并存的音乐机构。在其有限的建置时期内,乐府的职能处于不断的演变、扩张之中。作为音乐机构的乐府在西汉末即被废弃,但其名称却在后代长期沿用,并且产生新的含义。从语义学角度来看,乐府的原始义是"音乐机构",随后又孳乳出"乐府诗"这一新的含义。进一步探讨乐府职能及其含义的复杂演变过程,可以澄清乐府研究史上个别悬而未决的问题。     

贪污罪赃款去向的举证责任——论中国法律应确立被告人举证责任

贪污罪被告人将赃款去向辩解为用于公务,导致司法机关无法处理,其原因在于现行对举证责任的规定有其不合理性.国外多见对被告人举证责任的规定,这不但不违反无罪推定原则,反而能更好地实现公正和效率,且具有可行性.中国也应建立被告人举证责任制度,在某些情况下由被告人对自己的主张承担举证责任.比如在行为人将赃款去向辩解为用于公务的场合,对"用于公务"的举证由被告人来完成.如果不能完成,就视为贪污罪成立.     

元话语与大学英语中的写作教学

元话语 (metadiscourse)是指语篇中能标示话语结构、提请对方注意或表明发话者态度的各种语言手段。本文首先对元话语的概念、功能、分类进行了解释 ,然后探讨了元话语的使用情况与写作的关系 ,认为关键是看元话语在语篇中的使用是否“适当”和“有效” ,在写作方面起重要作用的是元话语的质量而不是数量 ,最后介绍了部分以提高写作质量为目的而进行的关于元话语的教学尝试     

The South Oaks Gambling Screen: a review with reference to Australian use

The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) is a psychometric instrument widely used internationally to assess the presence of pathological gambling. Developed by Lesieur and Blume (1987) in the United States of America (USA) as a self-rated screening instrument, it is based on DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria. This paper describes the origins and psychometric development of the SOGS and comments critically in relation to its construct validity and cutoff scores. Reference is made to the use of the SOGS in the Australian setting, where historically gambling has been a widely accepted part of the culture, corresponding to one of the highest rates of legalised gambling and gambling expenditure in the world. An alternative approach to the development of an instrument to detect people who have problems in relation to gambling is proposed.