Media use in long-distance friendships

New media such as email and mobile phones have made it easier to maintain relationships over distances. The present paper examines which media people use to maintain long-distance friendships. The main focus lies on the comparison of email and phone. Media choice theories like media richness theory assume that media can be classified according to their richness, and that people choose the medium which fits best to the affordances of a specific task. The phone as richer medium should be preferred over email in the case of maintenance of long-distance friendships because it is easier to express emotions and to give immediate feedback via phone than via email. Email is an asynchronous medium and communication via email is therefore independent of space and time. Therefore, it can also be argued that email is preferred over the phone because it makes it easier to communicate across different work schedules or even time-zones. In two studies (Study 1 conducted in the Netherlands, Study 2 conducted in Germany) media use in long-distance friendships was measured. Across both studies, email was the most frequently used medium. In Study 1, an interesting asymmetric influence of closeness of the friendship emerged. The closer the friendship, the more emails were written in total, but the less the relative use of email. Instead, the percentage of phone calls increased. Study 2 aimed to replicate and explain this finding and assessed also the content of the phone call or emails. Whereas the intimateness of the emails did not change with increased closeness of the friendship, the intimateness of the phone calls increased with increasing closeness of the friendship. This result indicates that people use email primarily for staying in touch, whereas important personal matters are still discussed on the phone.     

反思关于克隆人问题的讨论

对克隆人问题进行讨论有重要的现实意义。就“要不要克隆人”的问题，国内学界有赞成派与反对派之争，在对两派的观点和论战过程加以纵括之后，对这场论战存在的问题、目前的态势以及将来的前景，做出了自己的分析与评论。     

寻找生存的意义——解读索尔·贝娄的《寻找格林先生》

《寻找格林先生》是索尔·贝娄的一篇优秀的短篇小说。边缘知识分子乔治·格里布在一天的主要工作是在经济大萧条后的芝加哥黑人社区找到一个名叫特利弗·格林的人，并把救济支票送到他手里。寻找格林先生的过程也是格里布在分崩离析的世界里探寻生存价值的过程，其生发出的形而上的思索和执着的求真态度映现出他内心的光辉。格里布寻找的过程比结果更具有哲学意义，因为它体现了一种人生态度和信念。该短篇小说体现了贝娄作品中一贯的肯定伦理观。     

关于标点符号使用情况的调查及思考

针对大学生对标点符号的实际运用现状展开调查,发现存在的主要问题包括：对标点符号的运用不予重视而随意圈点,忽视句子结构关系而瞻前忘后,不明句意和用法而张冠李戴。这不仅影响到大学生的阅读理解和思想表达,而且也给社会语文生活带来负面影响。由此提出应当采取多种措施来巩固和提高大学生的语言文字素质。     

An Ethnographic Approach to Understanding Service Use Among Ethnically Diverse Low Income Families

Poverty is linked to disparity in families access to basic human services and an incapacity to fulfill basic needs. The study described in this paper uses a qualitative research design to address the ecology of service use in the family within the broader social and physical environment. While the focus of this paper relates to the methodology of the study, some substantive results are used for illustrative purposes. Through an in-depth study of families in the contexts of their neighborhoods, our task is to search for patterns and their meanings. This process may uncover the motives and beliefs underlying service use and access among the families in our study.     

韩非文学思想平议

韩非的文学思想一直不受学术界重视，宛其原因，主要由于韩非是一个文学否定论者。然而，韩非否定文学，认为文学有害于政治，是从其法治主张出发的，结果造成了文学与政治的分离;在否定文学的政治作用的同时，韩非认识到文学具有审美、娱乐和实用等功能，为文学的发展开辟了新的道路。韩非的文学思想是片面的，但也是深刻的，这种片面的深刻在于它在不适当地否定文学的政治伦理价值的同时，也惊醒了先秦儒家鼓吹的以文学代替政治的痴情梦幻，迫使人们重新思考文学与政治的关系，为文学发展寻找新的出路。韩非的文学思想是从先泰混沌未分的学术文化发展到两汉以后不断分化的社会意识形态的重要转折，应该受到文学思想史家的充分重视。     

Everyday mobilities and the construction of subjective spiritual geographies in ‘Non-places’

Traditional geographic approaches depict sacred spaces, religion and spirituality as places of stillness and tranquillity, this paper challenges such fixity and instead uses the mobilities lens to analyse the dynamic and fluid nature of contemporary spirituality. It builds on recent work that draws on mobilities and geographies of religion by shifting focus away from the extraordinary journeys of pilgrimage to the ordinary, the mundane and everyday routines and movements; trips for economic, recreational or utilitarian purposes. The findings illustrate the activities that people do when they are on the move that can be related to their personal sense of spirituality and the ways in which religion interweaves in the movements and routines of everyday life and mobilities – from the radio playing in the car to the use of meditation. Often, activities became associated with specific parts of the journey and are threaded together to form ‘subjective spiritual geographies’ and significant elements of individual spirituality challenging secular pre-conceptions of mobilities time-spaces and characterisation of ‘non-places’.     

海外中国国民权益保护的国际法思考

全球化导致海外国民保护的客观需求迅增,国际法的人本化趋势促进了国际层面个人权益保护的发展,中国政府的职能调整在外交领域促生"外交为民"理念,需要有效承担海外国民权益保护的重任。外国人待遇是确定海外国民权益的国际法基础,属人管辖是国籍国保护在外国民的国际法依据。海外中国国民权益保护的途径首先是受害人用尽当地救济,其次是起到预防与协助作用的领事保护,而外交保护、国际人权保护只是补充救济途径。     

西双版纳土地利用初探

在剖析土地利用存在问题的主要成因中,本文注重人文因素对它们的影响,并从促进土地生态系统良性发展的角度,提出西双版纳土地利用工程。     

我校日语教学中多媒体课件使用情况及建议

多媒体教学作为一种现代化的教学手段,已经广泛应用于各项教学活动中,尤其是对于"视""听""说"交互性很强的外语教学,学校鼓励并要求广大教师积极采用.但是由于种种原因,我校日语专业授课中多媒体课件的使用还存在许多不足之处.为此,文章以我校日语专业四个年级的学生为对象进行了问卷调查,目的是通过调查,掌握日语专业授课中多媒体的使用情况,目前多媒体课件主流采用的形式,学生的满意度等,并从中找出不足,分析原因,提出改进建议,促进我校日语专业的多媒体课件教学.