How organizational characteristics affect the adaptive tactics used by human service nonprofit managers confronting financial uncertainty

The way that nonprofits respond to funding uncertainty is crucial to their ability to meet goals and position themselves for future success. This article investigates how structural, managerial, and financial characteristics affect the adaptive tactics used by human service nonprofits during times of financial stress. These tactics include adding new programs, reducing programs or staff, expanding or starting joint programs, pursuing earned income, and expanding advocacy involvement. Using longitudinal data on human service nonprofits collected on either side of the 2002–2003 economic downtown, we find that larger size provides organizations with a unique ability to choose among different adaptive tactics, as larger size was significantly predictive of adding new programs, reducing programs, expanding advocacy, and pursuing earned income. Strategic planning was positively associated with innovative tactics such as starting joint programs or pursuing earned income. Financial stress or declines in an organization's major funding source led to cutbacks, as expected, but managers who foresaw these challenges were able to respond proactively by adding programs or starting joint programs. However, managers with more training did not respond much differently than did other managers, and organizational age and use of performance management tools had no effect in guiding organizational responses to financial uncertainty.     

High value manufacturing (HVM) in the UK: case studies and focus group insights

This paper studies the internal mechanisms that allow organisations to become high value manufacturing (HVM). Using a qualitative methodology, three UK manufacturing companies formed in-depth case studies with semi-structured interviews, observations and historical data. The HVM value matrix of Martinez and co-workers is used to categorise each organisation’s value proposition. Wider benchmarking of the three organisations was carried out against a focus group with an additional seven manufacturing organisations. Thus, data from 10 manufacturing organisations are included in this research. The cases follow the ‘customer intimacy’ HVM discipline. The business processes supporting these value propositions were identified. Interestingly, each organisation’s desired value proposition differs from their current one. ‘Technological integrators’ predominantly rely on new product development (NPD) and Strategy processes, whereas ‘Socialisors’ rely predominantly on Strategy and Customer Relationship processes. Companies can use the findings to better understand their current HVM value proposition and, where necessary, plan their transition to a future desired HVM value proposition.     

策略延迟下众筹项目的定价和激励决策

本文研究了投资者的策略延迟行为对众筹项目的定价以及激励决策的影响。策略延迟是指投资者在投资过程中自动按照估值在相应阶段投资,并且部分投资者会刻意延迟投资来搭便车的行为。本文采用了一个两阶段模型来刻画投资者的投资行为,并进一步对比序列到来模式（投资者没有策略延迟）与同时到来模式（投资者有策略延迟）中的贝叶斯均衡。研究结果表明,当发起人采用价格激励的方式提高成功率时,投资者的策略延迟行为可能会影响最优的激励策略。当存在固定目标约束时,如果投资者没有策略延迟行为,发起人应该激励前期投资者,通过弥补他们等待成本的方式提高成功率;反之如果投资者出现策略延迟行为,对项目估值较高的投资者会自动在前期投资并且愿意承受更高的价格,此时发起人应该反过来激励后期投资者。当不存在目标约束时,不论投资者是否有策略延迟行为,发起人都应该始终激励前期投资者以获得更高的成功率以及期望收益。     

Engaging with Comparative Risk Appraisals: Public Views on Policy Priorities for Environmental Risk Governance

Communicating the rationale for allocating resources to manage policy priorities and their risks is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that environmental risks have diverse attributes and locales in their effects that may drive disproportionate responses among citizens. When 2,065 survey participants deployed summary information and their own understanding to assess 12 policy‐level environmental risks singularly, their assessment differed from a prior expert assessment. However, participants provided rankings similar to those of experts when these same 12 risks were considered as a group, allowing comparison between the different risks. Following this, when individuals were shown the prior expert assessment of this portfolio, they expressed a moderate level of confidence with the combined expert analysis. These are important findings for the comprehension of policy risks that may be subject to augmentation by climate change, their representation alongside other threats within national risk assessments, and interpretations of agency for public risk management by citizens and others.     

乡镇政府在农业公共服务供给中的角色定位

在国际金融危机影响下,我国经济发展面临着巨大的挑战。要实现我国经济平稳较快发展,基础支撑在农业。农业公共服务供给是关系到我国农业生产经营稳定发展的关键环节,也是我国公共服务型政府建设的必然要求。乡镇政府作为我国基层政府,一直以来在农业公共服务供给中扮演着重要的角色。本文从农业公共服务的定义出发,廓清了农业公共服务的范围,将建国后至现阶段我国乡镇政府在农业公共服务供给中的角色变迁进行疏理,进而提出现阶段我国乡镇政府在农业公共服务供给中的角色定位。     

河北省农业保险的现状与风险分散机制

针对2008年河北省出台的农业保险的政策以及河北省的农业保险的实际情况,通过分析现状发现存在开展农业保险的公司高度集中、赔付率比较高;农户保险意识淡薄、投保能力不足;政府扶持农业保险的效率低,配套措施未到位等问题。结合我国农业保险开展的实际和河北省的情况提出从农业保险立法、扶持的财政和税收政策的加强、多层次风险分散体系建立以及大力发展互助性质的农业保险互助社等措施来完善河北省农业保险的风险分散机制。     

农地经营权流转与宁夏生态移民发展研究

笔者通过对宁夏生态移民迁入地发展滞后的现状分析,发现农地建设与经营成本负担是制约生态移民迁入地发展的主因。根据制度变迁理论,结合十七届三中全会决议,文章探讨了生态移民农地经营权流转制度,提出采取“农地收购”、“招募式移民安置与农地产业化经营模式”是解决当前农地短缺和生态移民发展问题的有效途径。     

冷战后日美同盟的强化——以联合军事演习为视角

日美联合军事演习的发展演变,体现出冷战后日美同盟的强化:作用范围扩大化、军事合作一体化、战略地位中心化、地区威慑强势化.     

基于战略视角的教学研究型大学绩效评估体系研究

本文分析了非营利组织绩效评估的概念与方法,总结了国内外学校绩效评估的理论与实践.在此基础上,从大学的使命和战略出发,提出了教学研究型大学的绩效评估模型,指出绩效评估应从学校的政府与社会满意度、师生满意度、内部流程绩效和战略绩效四个方面展开,且四个方面之间存在着内在的联系,最后提出了具有可操作性的绩效评估指标和内容.这将为中国高等教育管理与教学改革提供一种全新的思路和方法.     

基于农业产业集群的我国农村剩余劳动力就业问题研究

解决“三农”问题关键是解决农村剩余劳力就业,然而受美国金融危机影响,农村剩余劳动力就业困难更加突出。在各种解决问题的途径中,发展农业产业集群是比较有效的。本文深入分析了农业产业集群吸纳农村剩余劳动力就业的作用机理和面临的障碍．提出了制定科学的农业集群规划、创造良好的发展环境、鼓励返乡农民就地创业等建议．以解决农村剩余劳力就业问题。