人力资本与教授收入

自从建国以来 ,教授收入一直是下降的。改革后 ,教授收入总体上低于其人力资本价值的状况仍未得到扭转。造成这种状况的原因是多方面的 ,但根本原因在于传统的高等教育体制不合理与无效率 ;在于高教领域里缺少激励—约束机制 ;冗员过多 ,而在分配上又向非教学人员倾斜 ;在于高校间缺少竞争与淘汰机制 ,使教育家兼企业家型的校长无法形成 ,也无人对教授的人力资本进行负责的评价。现行职称评定体系存在着严重的弊端 ,导致教授“市场”出现“柠檬市场”。在短期内因退出障碍虽不会出现“劣币逐良币” ,但在长期内 ,教授学术水平下降则是必然的。     

大城市低收入老人群体状况分析

本文依据在广州的调查数据 ,揭示了低收入老人的群体特征 ,提出制订老龄政策时 ,适当照顾低收入老人 ,同时动员家庭、单位和社会都来积极关心这部分脆弱群体     

加入WTO对江苏农业的影响

加入世贸组织对江苏农业究竟有什么样的影响？为了回答这一问题,我们首先应当了解加入世贸组织要求中国农业做出什么样的让步。目前世贸组织关于农产品贸易的规则是其前身关贸总协定在最后一轮多边贸易谈判即乌挂圭回合上做出的,这些规则将在２００４年前后被新一轮多边贸易谈判达成的协议取代。由于这一原因,加上通常应有的过渡期,主要贸易伙伴在中国加入世贸组织的谈判中提出的条件多半以２００４年为界。因此,我们可以依据这些贸易伙伴提出的条件评价中国加入世贸组织以后农业在短期内可能受到的冲击到底有多大,对江苏农业的影响有…     

加入WTO对南京市农业的影响及对策

一、加入ＷＴＯ对南京市主要农业产业的影响 （一）对粮、油类产业的影响 １．稻谷 南京市稻谷年产量约１４０万吨,占粮食总产量的７８％。与国外市场相比,南京市的粳稻价格与国外大致相近,南京市粳稻的市场价格为６９．８３元／５０公斤,国际市场粳稻价格为６９．２１元／５０公斤（按１：８．２汇率折算）,与南京市粳稻的价格相差不远,如加上关税、运费等费用,将高于南京市的市场价格。因此,仅从价格角度考虑,在加入ＷＴＯ之后的一段时期内,南京市的稻谷所受影响并不太大。但稻谷生产上处于比较劣势,目前这种较低的价格部分是…     

Training needs of extension agents’ regarding organic agriculture in Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of extension agents for training on organic agriculture (OA) in the Riyadh Region. Fifty-five percent (n = 69) of extension agents were selected to collect data through an electronic survey. Results indicated that extension agents in the Riyadh Region cited on job training as a main source for acquiring knowledge in OA. Agents expressed interest in receiving training in OA in general, OA marketing, and transitioning to OA. The most useful resources were field days at organic farms, OA training sessions at colleges, and attending OA trial plots. There were no differences in the level of interest in training; however, there were significant differences between individuals in terms of their experience in OA, job responsibility for providing information related to OA, and area of specialization in their job. This study recommends developing professional training programs based on the current knowledge of extension agents.     

Fostering CHANGE: Lessons from implementing a multi-country,multi-sector nutrition-sensitive agriculture project

Using agriculture to improve nutrition is an approach growing in popularity, with programs becoming increasingly complex and multisectoral. While there is an active line of research assessing the impacts of such programs, little has been written about the process of successfully implementing them. As such, this paper uses a multisectoral nutrition-sensitive agriculture program implemented in four African countries as a case study to address key challenges in and lessons learned from implementation. We highlight the overall flexibility of nutrition-sensitive agriculture but also the need to adapt certain aspects to the particular context, as well as the opportunities for cross-context learning (and the limits to this). Integrating rigorous evaluation into such complex programs and forging diverse cross-sectoral partnerships offer both rewards and challenges, upon which we reflect. Main lessons learned from the program include the importance of carefully sequencing interventions, retaining flexibility in implementation, allowing for considerable time for cross-sector integration and coordination, and considering community impacts when designing research.     

Socioeconomic status and the dynamics of preferences for income inequality in the United States, 1978–2016

Although considerable evidence indicates that public preferences for income inequality and redistribution vary across socioeconomic groups (i.e., occupation and income), much less is known about the temporal dynamics of these preferences. The purpose of this study is (a) to examine whether the attitudinal distance between managerial/professional workers and unskilled manual workers has changed (converged or diverged) over time and to (b) explore the reasons for and implications of the dynamics of preferences in the past several decades. Using data from the General Social Survey 1978–2016 (23 time‐points; N = 27,211), this study finds that the influence of occupational class has lost some of its significance in shaping public preferences for income inequality and that the declining effect of occupation can be explained in part by the attitudinal convergence between better‐ and less‐educated citizens. Findings suggest that proequality coalitions across educational boundaries play a remedial role in bridging the occupational divide over government redistribution in the United States.     

金融集聚、生产率增长与城乡收入差距的实证分析——基于动态空间面板模型

本文利用中国2003-2013年285个地级及以上城市的统计数据,采用动态空间面板模型实证分析了金融集聚对城市总体生产率增长及其内部城乡收入差距的影响,研究结论表明：金融集聚是促进城市总体生产率增长的重要推动力,同时也是导致城市内部城乡收入差距扩大的关键因素,这主要是因为金融集聚显著推动了城市居民人均收入水平的提高,而对农村居民人均收入水平的提升作用不显著。本文的政策含义在于,在城市金融集聚的扩散阶段还没有到来之前,政府旨在缓解城乡收入差距的金融政策可能会抑制城市总体生产率增长。